我们知道,中英文的差异之一,就是英文中句子的谓语动词必须随着主语的变化而变化,即所谓的“主谓一致”。它是指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系。
很多人遇到主谓一致,就“犯糊涂”,一动笔做题,就出问题。究其原因,在于没有真正理解这种主谓关系。
那么,哪些情况是主谓一致的特殊情况呢??
主谓一致的特殊有以下几种:
1)population表示“人口”,一个国家或地区的居民数目,它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。 当它前面有分数或百分数时,population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民,谓语动词用复数形式。
The population of Canada is about 29 million. About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants.
2)集合名词作主语,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如表示成员则用复数。常见的这部分名词有:army,audience,class,club,committee,company,crowd,family,group,government,organization,party,team等。
Our football team is playing well. Our football team are having baths and are then coming back here for supper.
3)a number of/a variety of/varieties of+可数名词复数; “the majority of+复数名词” 作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 the number of(表数目)和the variety of(表种类)等+可数名词 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
A number of new houses have been built there. There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop. The number of the people who know the secret is very limited.
4) “a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语,谓语用单数
“large amounts of+不可数名词”作主语,谓语用复数
“a large quantity of+不可数名词”作主语,谓语用单数
“a large quantity of+复数名词”作主语,谓语常用复数
“large quantities of+不可数名词/复数名词”作主语,谓语用复数
“a good/great deal of+不可数名词”作主语,谓语用单数
A large amount of clean water is wasted every day.
Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market.
“a total of+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用,意思是“总共有……”
“the total of+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用,意思是“……的总数”。
4) 单复数同形的名词作主语,要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式。
常见的这部分名词有aircraft,crossroads,deer,fish,headquarters。means,series,sheep,species,works等。如: The crossroads is/are dangerous.
5)当主语后面跟有with,together with,along with,accompanied by,like,in addition to,as well as,as much as,more than,rather than,no less than,except,but,besides,including等连接的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响。
6)the + adj./ v-ed 表示某类人作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 the + adj. 表示某类事物或表示某一类抽象概念作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The poor live a hard life.
7) there be结构中的主谓一致关系,谓语动词通常和最邻近的那个主语一致。
There are four chairs and a table in the room.
8) “a/an+单数名词+or two”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:
“one or two+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
如: A student or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格。
One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon.昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。
9)在主语和谓语倒装的句子中,动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。
On the wall are some famous paintings.
10)在“It + be+被强调部分+that/who...”结构中,be用单数形式is或was,如被强调部分是主语,that/who后的谓语与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。
It is I who am a student.
It is they who have worked there for five years.
好了,以上就是关于主谓一致的特殊情况,同学们一定要认真对待,只是记住知识点是不够的,还需要做大量的练习,来帮助自己熟练掌握这些知识。