附录1
常见词缀词根表
常见的前缀 | ||
1.表示否定意义的前缀 | ||
1) 纯否定前缀 | ||
a-, an-, ab- |
asymmetry, anhydrous, abnormal | |
dis- |
disinterested, dishonest, dislike, disability | |
in-, ig-, il, im, ir |
inconsistent, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular, illegal | |
ne-, n-, non- |
none, neither, never, nonsense, nobody, nowhere | |
neg- |
neglect, negate, negligence | |
un- |
unable, unemployment, unqualified | |
2)表示错误的意义 | ||
male-, mal- |
malfunction, maladjustment, maladminister, maladroit, malaise | |
mis- |
mistake, mislead, misapprehend, misarrange, misbehave | |
pseudo- |
pseudonym, pseudoscience, pseudocode | |
3)表示反动作的意思 | ||
de- |
defend, demodulation, deconstruction, decontrol | |
dis- |
disarm, disconnect, disable, disaccord, disagree | |
un- |
unload, uncover, unacknowledged, unbalanced | |
4)表示相反,相互对立意思 | ||
anti-, ant- |
antiknock, anti-imperialism, antibiosis | |
contra-, contre-, contro- |
contradiction, contraceptive , controflow, contraclockwise | |
counter |
counter-reaction, counterbalance, counter-revolutionary | |
ob-, oc-, of-, op- |
object, oppose, occupy, opposite | |
with- |
withdraw, withstand, withhold, without | |
2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀 | ||
a- 表示"在......之上","向......" |
aboard, aside, ahead, abroad | |
by- 表示"附近,邻近,边侧" |
bypath, bypass | |
circum-, circu-, 表示"周围,环绕,回转" |
circumstance, circuit, circumcircle, circumference, circumfluence | |
de-, 表示"在下,向下" |
descend, degrade, decline | |
en-, 表示"在内,进入" |
encage, enbed | |
ex-, ec-, es-, 表示"外部,外" |
exit, eclipse, expand, export, exotic, exterior, external | |
extra-, 表示"额外" |
extraction, extraordinary, extraterrestrial, extravagant |