宣纸 rice paper
衙门 yamen
叩头 kowtow
孔子 Confucius
牌楼 pailou；pai-loo
武术 wushu（Chinese Martial Arts）
功夫 kungfu ；kung fu
中庸 the way of medium （cf. Golden Means）
中和 harmony (zhonghe)
孝顺 to show filial obedience
孝子 dutiful son
家长 family head
三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son, husband guides wife
五常：仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity
八股文 eight-legged essays
多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness
养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one's old age