2011年6月六级考试已经落下帷幕,今天主要谈一谈这次六级完型填空的题型特点、解题技巧以及备考建议。
一、题型特点
与四级考试不同,六级考试取材来源较为广泛。从往年的真题来看,材料大都是节选自英美报刊杂志或网站的原文,今年的完形填空也是如此,它取材于2010年5月份发表于英国《卫报》的一篇文章。原文如下:
Organised volunteering and work experience has long been a vital companion to university degree courses. Usually it is left to employers [名词1:需要通篇理解才能给出答案。] to deduce the potential from a list of extracurricular adventures on a graduate's CV, but [关联词1:上一句的关键词是usually, 讲述的是“通常的情况”,与“现在的情况”形成对比。因此选but。] now the University of Bristol has launched an award to formalise the achievements of students who devote [动词1:这里需要一个和to搭配的动词,表达“投入”之意,因此只有devote符合。] time to activities outside their courses. Bristol PLuS aims to boost students in an increasingly competitive [形容词1:全文都在讲述学生找工作,这里的“人才市场”竞争激烈,才符合题意,因此competitive符合。] jobs market by helping them acquire work and life skills alongside academic [形容词2:本句里有个alongside,相当于beside,这里指课外实践以外的方面,当然就是academic] qualifications.
"Our students are a pretty active bunch but we found that they didn't necessarily [副词1:这里需要一个副词修饰动词appreciate,根据but前后的逻辑,我们应该选择necessarily,表示“必然; 必定”: Big men aren't necessarily strong men. 高大的人不一定强壮.] appreciate the value of what they did outside [介词1:根据全文的大意,这里的appreciate要接“课外实践”作宾语] the lecture hall," says Jeff Goodman, director of careers and employability at the university. "Employers are much more demanding [形容词3:根据下文的描述,我们可以知道“现在的雇主要比原先苛刻很多”,所以这里需要填上demanding] than they used to be. They used to look for potential [名词2:根据本段最后一句,Now后面的描述,我们知道,原先并不是这样,原先只注重应聘者的潜力,其实“saw it as part of their job to extract the value of an applicant’s skills”也是一个佐证。这里我们可以回过头看看一下第一个空,不难看出,应填雇主!] and saw it as part of their job to extract the value of an applicant's skills. Now they want students to be able to explain why those skills are relevant [形容词4:这里需要一个和to 搭配的形容词,根据倒数第二段的最后一句,我们很好判断出答案选择relevant] to the job."
Students who sign up [介词2:本空考察动词短语,sign up for 表示“登记报名”,这里是符合题意的] for the award will be expected to complete 50 hours of work experience or voluntary [形容词5:根据文章第一句,这里很好判断,应该是voluntary,表示义工] work, attend four workshops on employability skills, including interview techniques, take part in an intensive skills-related activity and [关联词2:这里是几个动作的顺承,应该用and], crucially, write a summary of the skills they have gained. Exceptional [形容词6:Exceptional 这里需要形容词修饰efforts。exceptional,特别的,卓越的。2008年北京奥运会闭幕式上,奥委会主席罗格就用了exceptional这个词来形容这场盛世。什么样的成绩可以得奖呢?当然是优秀的成绩] efforts will gain an Outstanding Achievement Award. Those who perform [动词2:perform,表现。学生、员工的“表现”,通常用perform/performance这个词] best on the sports field can take the Sporting PluS Award which fosters employer-friendly sports accomplishments.
The experience does not have to be formally [副词2:formally 这里需要副词修饰动词organised。可以从Goodman后面举的例子上来判断,学生的经验不需要非要正式。] organised. "We're not just interested in easily identifiable skills," says Goodman. "For instance [关联词3:For instance 下面开始举例,故选择此项。In contrast,相反;In essence,本质上;Of course,当然。], one student took the lead in dealing with a difficult landlord and so demonstrated [动词3:demonstrated 词义辨析题。这里需要动词,与skills联系。demonstrate,展示;operate,操作;determine,决定;involve,卷入、包括。学生通过实践经验,展现自己的谈判技巧。] negotiation skills. We try to make the experience relevant to individual lives. If you're a mature student grappling with family life you're not going to have time to be president of the climbing club, so we'll need to look for life experience closer to home."
Goodman hopes the scheme [名词3:scheme 词义辨析。device,设备;section,部分;scheme,计划;distraction,分心。这里指的是Bristol PLuS这项奖励计划。] will enable active students to fill in any gaps in their experience and encourage their less-proactive peers [名词4:peers 词义辨析。attendant,出席者;member,会员;agent,经纪人;peer,同龄人。] to take up activities outside their academic remit.
本次六级完型填空考查了4处名词,3处连词,3处动词,6处形容词,2处介词,2处副词。只有少数几处能通过微观层面的语法搭配判定选项,其他大部分都需要通篇理解,因此有一定难度。
二、解题技巧
技巧一:首先迅速阅读一遍短文,了解文章大意、结构、以及各部分的逻辑关系。如果时间不多或阅读能力比较强的学生,可以边阅读边做题。对不需要上下文、相对独立的考点(如固定词组,主谓搭配,词义考察等)可马上选择正确答案,对需要上下文的考点(如连词,动词时态等)则暂时跳过,等看完整段或全文后再选择。
技巧二:语法题:完型填空中有相当一部分考题是语法题,要求学生熟练掌握和运用语法知识,做出正确选择。语法包括时态、语气、非谓语动词、关系代词和关系副词、分句、主动被动及惯用法等语法现象。(这类题近几年六级已几乎不再出现,可见四六级考试已逐渐拉开了难度,值得各位考生重视)
技巧三:词汇题:完型填空的词语题一种是词义辨析题,另一种是单纯的测试词义的题。要做好词汇题,考生应掌握词汇的内涵、外延和语法功能,了解近义词的细微差异。
技巧四:句与句之间的关系:对于这类试题,第一要掌握表示过渡的连接语的用法和含义,如because表示因果关系,but表示转折关系等。第二在没有过渡语的情况下,要结合上下文进行推理和判断,分清句与句之间的逻辑关系。
技巧五:整理理解,宏观上把握了以后,再选择。一般情况下,需要最后回过头定夺的选项不超过3个。这个时候,需要问自己几个问题,如,本文的主题是什么,作者对主旨的态度如何等等。
三、备考建议
完形主要考三方面的内容:单词,短语词组和逻辑,三个方面同等重要。
1. 完形填空所涉及的词汇题主要考查难词识别、近义词辨析和形近易混词的辨析。难词辨析指的是四个选项设置为没有相互联系的难词,仅仅考查考生对难词词义的识别,只要你认识,就做的出来,不认识,就束手无策。
重点关注:名词,形容词和副词
2. 短语搭配是比较容易拿分的项目。很多情况下,无需联系上下文,只需要理解一个单句,就可以顺利根据固定搭配选出答案。
重点关注:常用动词和介词的固定搭配。
3. 完形填空本身就是一种逻辑测试,在考题中,逻辑的考点主要考查句子与句子的衔接,以及篇章整体的结构一致性和协调性。众所周知,一个完整的语篇一定有严密的逻辑,更何况是完形填空这种补全性的考题。而逻辑关系最明显的标志就是逻辑衔接词。六级上下句逻辑衔接考题以因果、转折和举例为主
特定的逻辑关系需要特定的关联词,在平时的阅读中,遇到关联词的时候,要细细玩味,养成这个习惯,六级完型填空里最容易投机取巧的分数就可以拿到了。
总之,完形填空作为一种综合性测试题型,覆盖了词汇,语法,阅读理解,写作等考试目标的全部内容,练习完形填空不仅能够培养边读边预测或猜测,验证或推理的积极思维的良好阅读习惯,还能逐步掌握猜词的策略,最终使得猜测演变成为下意识的心理活动,从而促成良好的阅读习惯。
将“读句子”上升为“读文章”不失为备考完型填空方法之一!
希望各位考生能取得进步。