连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。
并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子,如and, but, or, for等;
从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等),引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether等,引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。
英语并列连词的用法 | ||
连词用途 | 连词 | 例子 |
表示转折关系的并列连词。 | but, yet 等 |
Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who. 有人借了我的钢笔,但我不记得是谁了。 |
表示因果关系的并列连词。 | for, so 等 |
The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 这孩子咳得很利害,所以他妈妈带他去看医生。 |
表示并列关系的并列连词。 | and , or , either…or , neither…nor |
Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who. 有人借了我的钢笔,但我不记得是谁了。 |
英语从属连词的用法 | ||
连词用途 | 连词 | 例子 |
引导时间状语从句的从属连词 | ||
表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。 | when, while, as, whenever等 |
Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 |
表示“在…之前(或之后)”的时间连词。 | before, after |
Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。 |
表示“在…之前(或之后)”的时间连词。 | before, after |
Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。 |
表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。 | since, until, till |
She’s been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从八岁起就打网球了。 |
表示“一…就”的时间连词。 | as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second |
The moment I have finished I’ll give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。 |
表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。 | every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次) |
You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。 |
注意:every time, each time, any time前不用冠词,(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略,而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。 | ||
引导条件状语从句的从属连词 | ||
if, unless, as [so] long as, in case |
Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不介意吧? Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话,否则你别来。 | |
注意:在条件状语从句中,通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态。不过,有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will,但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。 | ||
引导条件状语从句的从属连词 | ||
in order that, so that, in case, for fear |
He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音,以便每个人都能听见。 | |
引导结果状语从句的从属连词 | ||
so that, so…that, such…that |
I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早, 所以找个好座位。 | |
引导原因状语从句的从属连词 | ||
because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that) |
He distrusted me because I was new. 他不信任我,因为我是新来的。 | |
引导让步状语从句的从属连词 | ||
although, though, even though, even if, while, however |
He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber. 他将铁棍折弯,仿佛那是用橡皮做成的。 | |
引导地点状语从句的从属连词 | ||
where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere |
The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。 | |
引导比较状语从句的从属连词 | ||
than和as…as |
She was now happier than she had ever been. 现在她比过去任何时候都快活。 | |
引起名词从句的从属连词 | ||
that, whether, if |
He replied that he was going by train. 他回答说他将坐火车去。 | |
注意:引导名词从句的从属连词主要有that, whether, if 等,它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。其中that 不仅没不充当句子成分,而且没有词义,在句子中只起连接作用;而 if, whether 虽不充当句子成分,但有词义,即表示“是否”。 |