附录1
常见词缀词根表
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常见的前缀 | ||
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1.表示否定意义的前缀 | ||
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1) 纯否定前缀 | ||
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a-, an-, ab- |
asymmetry, anhydrous, abnormal | |
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dis- |
disinterested, dishonest, dislike, disability | |
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in-, ig-, il, im, ir |
inconsistent, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular, illegal | |
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ne-, n-, non- |
none, neither, never, nonsense, nobody, nowhere | |
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neg- |
neglect, negate, negligence | |
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un- |
unable, unemployment, unqualified | |
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2)表示错误的意义 | ||
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male-, mal- |
malfunction, maladjustment, maladminister, maladroit, malaise | |
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mis- |
mistake, mislead, misapprehend, misarrange, misbehave | |
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pseudo- |
pseudonym, pseudoscience, pseudocode | |
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3)表示反动作的意思 | ||
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de- |
defend, demodulation, deconstruction, decontrol | |
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dis- |
disarm, disconnect, disable, disaccord, disagree | |
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un- |
unload, uncover, unacknowledged, unbalanced | |
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4)表示相反，相互对立意思 | ||
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anti-, ant- |
antiknock, anti-imperialism, antibiosis | |
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contra-, contre-, contro- |
contradiction, contraceptive , controflow, contraclockwise | |
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counter |
counter-reaction, counterbalance, counter-revolutionary | |
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ob-, oc-, of-, op- |
object, oppose, occupy, opposite | |
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with- |
withdraw, withstand, withhold, without | |
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2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 | ||
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a- 表示"在......之上"，"向......" |
aboard, aside, ahead, abroad | |
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by- 表示"附近，邻近，边侧" |
bypath, bypass | |
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circum-, circu-, 表示"周围，环绕，回转" |
circumstance, circuit, circumcircle, circumference, circumfluence | |
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de-, 表示"在下，向下" |
descend, degrade, decline | |
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en-, 表示"在内，进入" |
encage, enbed | |
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ex-, ec-, es-, 表示"外部，外" |
exit, eclipse, expand, export, exotic, exterior, external | |
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extra-, 表示"额外" |
extraction, extraordinary, extraterrestrial, extravagant | |