《新概念英语自学导读第一册》是《新概念英语》系列的一套辅助教材。文章对《新概念英语》中的语法，词汇和长句难句都做了详细的剖析和阐述，从而更好的帮助同学们学习和吸收。下面就一起来学习下吧！
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1．my four-year-old daughter 我那4岁的女儿
four-year-old 是名词 daughter的定语。各词用连字符连在一起，构成一个复合形容词。注意在这个复合词中仅用 year，而不用复数：
a thirteen-year-old girl 一个13岁的姑娘
2．… Sally was invited to a children's party. ……萨莉被邀请去参加一个儿童聚会。
这是一个被动语态的例子。在英文中，如果想避免用含混不清的词（如 someone等）作主语，常常可使用被动词态。（具体请参见本课语法部分。）被动语态由相应的be动词加上过去分词构成：
3．a middle-aged lady 一位中年女士
middle-aged是一个复合形容词，由名词+过去分词构成。又如：
hand-made 手工制作的
4．opposite Sally 在萨莉的对面
这是介词短语，作状语，表示sat的具体情况。
5．take out 拿出
6．make up her face 往她的脸上化妆
make up意为“化妆”、“打扮”（指擦胭脂、抹粉）。
7．To make myself beautiful … 把自己打扮漂亮……
这是一个省略句，句首省略了I am doing that，而只留下这个作目的状语的动词不定式短语。
8．put away 收拾好，储存备用
语法 Grammar in use
被动语态（1）
英语动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。在主动句中，动词的主语是执行动作的人或物。在被动句中，主语是动作的承受者。
在英语中被动词态用得很普遍，这样做可以避免用不明确的词作主语，或是将说话的重点放在事件而不是造成该事件的人或物上。
被动语态的构成： be +过去分词。
过去分词不一定指过去。请看例句：
（1）一般现在时形式： am/are/is +过去分词：
（2）一般过去时形式： was/were +过去分词：
（3）英语中表达感情的动词通常可用于被动式，这些动词如amuse, embarrass, worry, surprise, interest, upset等：
词汇学习 Word study
1．embarrassed adj.
（1）尴尬的；局促不安的：
（2）陷入困境的；拮据的：
2．curiously adv.
（1）好奇地：
（2）过于好奇地：
3．kindly adv.
（1）和蔼地；亲切地：
（2）请（=please，有时表示客气，有时表示不满等）：
（3）乐意地；感谢地：
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 142
A
1 Sally is four years old.
2 Because Sally had never travelled on a train before.
3 She sat near the window.
4 A middle-aged lady got on the train.
5 The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat.
6 She opened her handbag and took out her powder compact.
Then she began to make up her face.
7 Because she wanted to make herself beautiful.
8 No, she didn't.
B
1 Someone airs it regularly. It is aired regularly.
2 Someone cleans them regularly. They are cleaned regularly.
3 Someone empties it regularly. It is emptied regularly.
4 Someone sharpens it regularly. It is sharpened regularly.
5 Someone turns them on regularly. They are turned on regularly.
6 Someone waters them regularly. They are watered regularly.
7 Someone repairs it regularly. It is repaired regularly.
8 Someone dusts it regularly. It is dusted regularly.
9 Someone corrects them regularly. They are corrected regularly.
10 Someone shuts it regularly. It is shut regularly.
C
1 Someone watered them. They were watered this morning.
2 Someone repaired it. It was repaired this morning.
3 Someone dusted it. It was dusted this morning.
4 Someone corrected them. They were corrected this morning.
5 Someone shut it. It was shut this morning.
6 Someone bought them. They were bought this morning.
7 Someone swept it. It was swept this morning.
8 Someone took them to school. They were taken to school this morning.
9 Someone met them at the station. They were met at the station this morning.
10 Someone told them. They were told this morning.
