大 学 英 语 六 级 考 试
全国统一模拟冲刺试卷
COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST
— Band Six —
(6 TSH 2)
试 卷
注 意 事 项
一、 将自己的校名、 姓名、 准考证号写在答题卡上， 将本试卷代号（A、 B卷）划在答题卡上。
二、 试卷和答题卡均不得带出考场。考试结束， 监考员收卷后考生才可离开。
三、 仔细读懂题目的说明。
四、 多项选择题的答案一定要划在答题卡上， 凡是写在试卷上的答案一律无效。每题只能选一个答案； 如多选， 则该题无分。选定答案后， 用铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。正确方法是： ［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］
五、 如果要改动答案， 必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案， 然后再按上面的规定重新答题。
六、 试题的第四部分改错（Error Correction）和第五部分作文（Writing）印刷在答题卡上， 请用黑色字迹签字笔在答题卡上作答。
七、 在90分钟内做完试题的第一至第四部分。90分钟后， 监考员收取试卷， 然后考生再做第五部分作文题， 答题时间为30分钟。全部考试时间为120分钟， 不得拖延时间。
八、 在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密。若被他人抄袭， 一经发现， 后果自负。
新东方全国大学英语四、 六级考试研究委员会
Part I Writing （30 minutes）
注意： 此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes
to write a short essay entitled Studying Abroad. You should write at least 150
words based on the chart and outline given below:
1. 近几年来选择出国留学的人越来越多， 理由是……
2. 也有人持不同意见， ……
3. 我的看法和打算
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）（15 minutes）
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
The world was stunned by the news in the summer of 1995, when a British embryologist named Ian Wilmut, and his research team, successfully cloned Dolly the sheep using the technique of nuclear transfer. Replacing the DNA of one sheep’s egg with the DNA of another sheep’s the team created Dolly. Plants and lower forms of animal life have been successfully cloned for many years, but before Wilmut’s announcement, it had been thought by many to be unlikely that such a procedure could be performed on larger mammals and life forms. The world media was immediately filled with heated discussions about the ethical implications of cloning.
Some of the most powerful people in the world have felt compelled to act against this threat. President Clinton swiftly imposed a ban on federal funding for human-cloning research. Bills were put in the works in both houses of Congress to outlaw human cloning because it was deemed as a fundamentally evil thing that must be stopped. But what, exactly, is bad about it? From an ethical point of view, it is difficult to see exactly what is wrong with cloning human beings. The people who are afraid of cloning tend to assume that someone would, for example, break into Napoleon’s Tomb, steal some DNA and make a bunch of emperors. In reality, infertile people who use donated sperm, eggs, or embryos would probably use cloning. Do the potential harms outweigh the benefits of cloning? From what we know now, they don’t. Therefore, we should not rush placing a ban on a potentially useful method of helping infertile, genetically at-risk, homosexual, or single people to become parents.
Do human
beings have a right to reproduce? No one has the moral right to tell another
person that they should not be able to have children, and I don’t see why Bill
Clinton has that right either. If humans have a right to reproduce, what right
does society have to limit the means? Essentially all reproduction done these
days is with medical help at delivery, and even before. Truly natural human
reproduction would make pregnancy-related death the number one killer of adult
women.
Some forms of medical help are more invasive than others. With
in-vitro fertilization, the sperm and egg are combined in a lab and surgically
implanted in the womb. Less than two decades ago, a similar concern was raised
over the ethical issues involving “test-tube babies”. Today, nearly 30,000 such
babies have been born in the United States alone. This miracle has made many
parents happy. So what principle says that one combination of genetic material
in a flask is acceptable, but not another?
Nature clones people all the time. Approximately one in 1000 births is an identical twin. However, despite how many or how few individual characteristics twins have in common, they are still different people. They have their own identities, their own thoughts, and their own rights. They enter different occupations, get different diseases, and have different experiences with marriage, alcohol, community leadership, etc. Twins have different personalities as would cloned individuals. Even if someone cloned several Napoleons, each would be different and even more unique than twins; the cloned child would be raised in a different setting. Therefore, cloning does not rob individuals of their personality.
Perhaps the strongest ethical argument
against cloning is that it could lead to a new, unfamiliar type of family
relationship. We have no idea what it would be like to grow up as the child of
parents who seem to know you from the inside. Some psychological characteristics
may be biologically, or genetically, based. The parent would know in advance
what crises a cloned teenager could go through and how he or she will respond.
Because the parents may understand what the child is going through, to greater
degree than most parents, it may produce a good and loving relationship in the
long run. On the other hand, most children want to have their own space. Simply
because a family relationship is new and untried is no reason to automatically
condemn it. In the past, many types of family relationships were considered
harmful, but later showed to cause no harm to the children. Among these is joint
custody after divorce, gay and lesbian parenting, and interracial adoption. As
with adoption, in-vitro fertilization, and the use of donor sperm, how the child
will react to the news about his or her arrival in this world will depend on how
the parents feel about their mode of reproduction. Parents and children may
adjust to cloning far more easily than we might think, just as it happened with
in-vitro fertilization.
One recurring image in anti-cloning propaganda is of
some evil dictator raising an army of cloned warriors. But who is going to raise
such an army. Clones start out life as babies. It is much easier to recruit
young adults than to take care of babies for twenty years. Remember that cloning
isn’t the same as genetic engineering. No one can make another superman and his
super powers might have a slim chance of being genetically determined, but
nothing is certain.
Some might think that cloning is playing God. However,
can you really say that you know God’s intentions? There is substantial
disagreement as to what God’ s will is. Armstrong wrote, aoyone who has truly
proved that God exists, that God isn’t only Creator, but Life-giver, Designer,
Sustainer, and Ruler over all his creation, knows that the human family began
with one man, and that together with him a wife, miraculously created from his
own body and as unique and original a creation as Adam himself, formed the first
family. Though God’s miraculous creation of Eve was far from cloning, it is
interesting to note in passing that God’s own Word says He used Adam’s
rib-physical bone and tissue - to create Eve.?
Another argument against
cloning is that it would only be available to the wealthy and, therefore, would
increase social inequality. What else is new? This is the story of American
health care. We need a better health care system, not a ban on new technologies.
Hopefully our new president will help us with this problem as well.
The U.S.
Federal Government should not deem human cloning and cloning research illegal.
It may provide a way for completely sterile or homosexual individuals to
reproduce, and will probably provide valuable basic research and possible
spin-off technologies related to reproduction and development. Our society has
respected general rights to control one’s body regarding reproduction, and
finally prohibiting it would violate the fundamental freedom of scientific
inquiring.
Will human cloning be done? Undoubtedly. The technique used in
sheep cloning does not require a highly sophisticated laboratory. Since the
United States government does not support research on human cloning, and the
United Kingdom, France, and Germany have banned it, the research making cloning
possible may take place in Asia, Eastern Europe, or the East. Much cloning may
also take place in secret, and will occur regardless of United States policies.
Approximately eighty percent of Americans feel that cloning is wrong. However,
the vast majority of people, including those who rail against cloning research,
owe their lives to previous medical discoveries. Don’t let the forces of
ignorance and fear turn us away from new types of research.
注意： 此部分试题在答题卡1上。
1. What kind of cloning had been practiced for many years by the time of
Dolly was cloned?
A） Cloning large mammals and life forms C） Cloning
plants and large mammals
B） Cloning plants and lower forms of life D）
Cloning all kinds of life forms
2. How much do we know about the potential harm about cloning?
A） All
of harms C） 80 percent
B） About Half D） A small portion
3. What make pregnancy-related death to be the number one killer of adult
women?
A） Truly natural human reproduction C） All reproduction
process
B） Cloning D） Medical therapy
4. How long was the “test-tube babies” practiced in our world?
A） One
hundred years C） Less than two decades
B） Fifty years D） More than two
decades
5. With in-vitro fertilization, what are combined in a lab and surgically
implanted in the womb?
A） the sperm and egg C） the gene of twins
B）
cloned gene D） genetical embryo
6. In the long run, producing a good and loving relationship by____.
A）
the parents understanding of what the child is going through
B） the
parents’ good personaliy
C） the cloned childs’ character
D） the cloned
childs’ responses
7. Compared with cloning human and bringing them up as an army, it would be
much cheaper to ____.
A） recruit young adults C） recruit cloned
warriors
B） recruit cloned people D） recruit middle-aged people
8. Some worry that human cloning as a potential privilege for the rich might contribute to _____.
9. The illegalization of human cloning by the government may erase the hope of people like ______.
10. Since human cloning can not be done in the U.S., the U.K., France and Germany, researchers can still conduct their researches in Asia, Eastern Europe, or the East, or in ______.
