By the end of 1865, most of the former confederate states canceled the acts of secession but refused to abolish slavery. All the confederate states except Tennessee refused to give full citizenship to African American men. In response, the republicans in congress would not let rebel leaders hold office. The union generals who governed the south blocked anyone who would not take an oath of loyalty to the union from voting. Congress strongly supported the rights of African Americans.
到1865年年底，大部分前同盟国家取消了分裂国家的行为，但拒绝废除奴隶制。除田纳西州南部邦联拒绝非洲裔美国人公民身份。作为回答，在国会的共和党人不会让反政府武装领导人的任期。工会将军管辖的南部阻止任何人，谁也不会参加投票宣誓效忠工会。美国国会的大力支持非洲裔美国人的权利。