2004年Use
of English
";="" color:="" rgb(51,="" 51,="" 51);"="" lang="EN-US">Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Many theories concerning the
causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either
on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories
(21) ____ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior
(22) ____ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that
they have learned criminal behavior through (23) ____ with others. Theories
focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in (24) ____ to
their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (25) ____ as a rejection
of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile
delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26) ____ the
fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit
crimes (27) ____ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are
tentative and are (28) ____ to criticism.
Changes in the social
structure may indirectly (29) ____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes
in the economy that (30) ____ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising
unemployment (31) ____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to
obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) ____ lead more youths into
criminal behavior.
Families have also (33) ____
changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two
working parents; (34) ____, children are likely to have less supervision at
home (35) ____ was common in the traditional family (36) ____. This lack of
parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates.
Other (37) ____ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in
school, the increased (38) ____ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (39) ____
of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the
probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40) ____ a direct causal
relationship has not yet been established.
21.[A]
acting [B]
relying [C]
centering [D]
cementing
22.[A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because
23.[A] interactions [B] assimilation[C] cooperation[D] consultation
24.[A] return [B] reply [C]
reference [D]
response
25.[A] or [B]
but rather [C]
but [D]
or else
26.[A] considering [B] ignoring [C]
highlighting [D] discarding
27.[A] on [B]
in [C] for [D] with
28.[A] immune [B]
resistant [C]
sensitive [D] subject
29.[A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect
30.[A] point [B]
lead [C]
come [D]
amount
31.[A] in general [B] on
average [C] by
contrast [D] at
length
32.[A] case [B]
short [C]
turn [D] essence
33.[A] survived [B] noticed [C]
undertaken [D] experienced
34.[A] contrarily[B]
consequently[C]
similarly [D] simultaneously
35.[A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as
36.[A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D]
heritage
37.[A] assessable [B]
identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible
38.[A] expense [B]
restriction [C]
allocation [D] availability
39.[A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity
40.[A] provided [B]
since [C]
although [D]
supposing
