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词汇精选:absence的用法和辨析

2018-10-28 13:42
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一、详细释义:


n.

缺席;离开;不在某处


例句:

The ostensible reason for his absence was illness, but everyone knew he'd gone to a football match.

他称病缺席,但谁都知道他去看足球赛了。


例句:

Tim's absence filled her with foreboding.

蒂姆的缺席令她产生了不祥的预感。


缺席时间;外出期


例句:

There was somebody able to cover for them in their absence.

在他们缺席期间,有人能代替他们。


例句:

Her absence is due to illness.

她因病缺席。


缺乏;不存在


例句:

They made the decision in the absence of enough information.

在缺乏足够信息的情况下,他们做了那个决定。


例句:

This company faces the problem of an absence of leadership.

这家公司面临缺乏领导的问题。


例句:

I have the magazine!

我有这本杂志!


二、词义辨析:


lack,want,absence,shortage,scarcity

这些名词均含“缺乏,不足”之意。 lack普通用词,指部分或完全的不足。 want指完全或短缺某物,侧重缺少之物是必需的东西。使用范围比lack窄些。 absence指某物根本不存在或完全短缺,或某人虽存在,但未到现场。 shortage指不足,但侧重达不到规定的,需要的或已知应有的数量。 scarcity指产量不足或缺乏某物难以应付或满足需要。


三、相关短语:


absence without leave

擅离职守,开小差


leave of absence

假期,休假


四、参考例句:


His absence implicates disagreement.

他的缺席意味着他不同意。


My absence had gone unnoticed.

我的缺席未能引起人家注意。


He is absence of emotions like remorse.

他缺乏同情等情感。


Her absence is due to illness.

她因病缺席。


Tim's absence filled her with foreboding.

蒂姆的缺席令她产生了不祥的预感。


Freedom is the absence of conditioning.

自由是条件限制的消失。


We are in the absence of experience.

我们缺乏经验。


Absence makes the heart grow fonder.

小别胜新婚。


Its presence or absence means nothing.

它存不存在并不能说明问题。


Absence sharpens love; presence strengthens it.

相聚爱益切,离别情更深。


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