考研英语主观题40分攻略(31)_翻译

第二部分写作

第五章短文写作（大作文）

第三节常考题型（下）

（四）图表类作文类型

考研短文写作中通常考查的图表作文类型有：表格图、圆形结构图、条形图、图画等。下面我们分别加以说明：

1表格图作文

表格可以对大量的数据或信息进行分类，直观性强，便于比较分析。考生需要把有关信息转化为文字形式，主要考查考生的数据分析和材料归纳能力。一般来说，文章以三段论的形式出现。第一段总结归纳信息反映的总体情况，点出主题思想；第二段回答第一段所得出的问题，对数字、数据等信息做出有条理的分析比较，第三段做出总结或给以简单评论。如：

【例1】
Directions：Study the following tables carefully and write an essay on the title of Exports and Imports of USA.Your essay must meet the following requirements.
(1)State the conditions.
(2)Analyze the distribution of exports and imports.
(3)Draw a conclusion.
DISTRIBUTION，BY PERCENT，OF EXPORTS FROM AND IMPORTS TOTHE UNITED STATES IN 1986Trade SectorExports*Imports**NonOPEC Developing Countries292％285％OPEC Countries50％56％Common Market Countries245％202％Canada209％178％ Japan124％222％Other Developed Countries71％51％Centrally Planned Economics09％06％Type of GoodsExports*Imports**Manufactured626％659％Nonmanufactured374％341％*Total exports=$217 billion**Total imports=$387 billion

分析：上面两个图表反映了美国1986年进出口的基本情况。出口总额为$217 billion，进口总额为$387 billion，因此美国在这一年出现了比较大的贸易逆差(trade deficit)。从进出口在各国的分配情况来看，美国进出口贸易最多的是非“欧佩克”国家，最少的是实行计划经济的国家。从进出口产品的组成上来说，制成品占绝对多数，而非制成品的进出口额在整个贸易额中所占的比例只有1／3左右。但从另一方面来讲，美国的主要贸易对象还是发达国家，它们(经济共同体、日本、加拿大和其他发达国家)所占美国整个贸易额的比例为：进口：653％.出口：649％。通过这样的分析，我们可以得出这样的结论，即美国应加强和发展中国家的贸易往来，逐步缩小贸易逆差。

订阅收藏考研英语主观题40分攻略

参考范文

Exports and Imports of USA From the tables we can see that in 1986，the total value of manufactured imports to the United States was approximately $260 billion，and that of nonmanufactured imports to the United States about $130 billion.The total value of manufactured exports from the United States added up to almost $140 billion，and that of non-manufactured exports to some $70 billion.As for the distribution of exports from and imports to the USA，the developed countries ranked on the top of the list，followed by non-OPEC developing countries.The centrally planned economics concluded the least business with the USA.If we take a much closer look at the table，we will see that there was a big difference between imports and exports.This year the United States trade balance(total value of exports minus total value of imports)with those countries was a minus number，reaching $170 billion.

Considering the above information，it is clear that the United States should readjust its trade system and take some effective measures to enhance its exports.First，I think the USA government should make some policies to stimulate the business with those centrally planned economics，thus increasing its exports to these countries and gradually softening its balance problem.Second，the USA may expand the scale of investment abroad and explore more overseas markets to promote the sales of its products.Some developing countries such as China and India are big potential markets，which are full of business opportunities.It should not focus its attention only upon some developed countries，which are the main factors responsible for its trade deficit.With these

United States

is likely to change its present state of trade balance.(280 words)

2圆形结构图作文

圆形结构图最能直观地表示总量与各分量之间的比例关系。它由各扇区组成，如：
A Survey on Reading of Yangtser Evening Newspaper

分析：该圆形结构图反映了《扬子晚报》的读者情况，简单直观，清楚明了，数据信息充实可靠。

考生们可尝试写一篇短文。