沪研专题
2009年硕士研究生大纲及大纲解析
风中劲草《09冲刺背诵核心考点》
2、Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.
【译文】人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再一次减少。
【析句】注意differences between people和the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it是两个并列的主语，千万不要理解成people与the opportunity是between的并列宾语。
3、The grand mediocrity of today — everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring — means that natural selection has lost 80％ of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.
【译文】今天这种极其显著的平均化——每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同——意味着与部落相比较，自然选择在印度中、上层已经失去了80％的效力。
【析句】该句的主语是The grand mediocrity，谓语是means，其后跟着that引导的宾语从句that natural selection has lost 80％ of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes，其中compared to the tribes是分词结构作状语，省略了if/when being。破折号中间everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring是典型的插入语，其中survival和number of offspring都是介词in的宾语。
4、Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they "look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension."
【译文】达尔文有一句话描述那些对进化一无所知的人，他们“看有机的生命如同野人看船，好像看某种完全不能理解的东西”。
【析句】冒号后的句子是主句中a phrase的同位语。该同位语从句中的结构是A does something as B does something（A做某事的样子正像B做某事的样子）.
2000 Passage 3 1、When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
【译文】当一场新的艺术运动形成某种时尚时，理应弄清其倡导者的目标所在，因为无论他们的准则在今天看来是多么牵强附会、不可思议，将来都有可能被视为正常的。
【析句】该句是一个因果关系的并列句，表示结果的部分是When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at，表示原因的部分是for it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal。而for与it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal之间是一个插入语，也是由however+形容词引导的状语从句，意为“不管他们（这群前卫艺术家们）的时尚原则在今天看来多么牵强无理”。
------------------------------------------- 
