stern | a. | 1.严厉的，苛刻的 2.坚定的，坚决的 |
stem | n. | 1.(植物的)须，茎，柄，梗 2.词干 |
| 例： | stem cell 干细胞 |
| vi. | (与from连用)源自，起源于 |
| 例： | Correct decisions stem from correct judgements. 正确的决心来源于正确的判断。 |
| vt. | 1.遏制，制止(流动)阻止 2.逆行 |
| 例： | to stem the blood 止血 |
stem的近义词： | ||
root | n. | 1.根本，根源 2.根（部） |
| v. | （使）扎根，（使）生根 |
stalk | n. | 茎，柄，梗，秆 |
| v. | 1.(打猎时)潜随 2.昂首阔步 |
However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. (NETEM 2005 Passage 1, paragraph 5)
但是这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成，还是来自三千五百万前他们共同的祖先，这还是一个悬而未决的问题。
devoid | a. | (与of连用)空的，缺乏的 |
void | a. | 1.没有的，缺乏的 2.空虚的 |
avoid | v. | 避免，回避，躲开 |
avoidable | a. | 可避免的 |
unavoidable | a. | 不能避免的，不可避免的，不能取消的 |
void的近义词 | ||
vacant | a. | 1.空虚的 2.空的，未被占用的 |
empty | a. | 1.空的 2.空虚的，空洞的 |
| vt. | 倒空 |
hollow | a. | 1.空的，空洞的 2.空洞的，空虚的 |
| vt. | 掏空，挖空 |
avoidable 的近义词： | ||
evitable | a. | 可避免的 |
inevitable | a. | 不可避免的 |
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vanity | n. | 1.自负 2.虚荣心，虚浮 |
vanish | vi. | 突然不见，消失 |
varnish | n. | 1.清漆，光泽面 2.掩饰 |
| v. | 修饰 |
Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. (NETEM 2005 Passage 1, paragraph 1)
但是当你知道一个同事薪水加得比你还要多的时候，那么加薪带给你的喜悦感就消失的无影无踪了。
distortion | n. | 1.扭曲 2.歪曲，曲解 |
distort | vt. | 1.扭曲 2.歪曲，曲解 |
retort | v./n. | 反驳，反击，回报 |
torment | n. | 痛苦 |
| v. | 折磨，烦扰 |
torture | n. | 折磨，拷问，拷打，酷刑 |
1. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations.(NETEM 1997 Passage 3, paragraph 3)
幻觉剂主要影响人的感知，通过多种方式对感知加以扭曲或改变，其中包括产生幻觉。
2. First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. (NETEM 1997 Passage 3, paragraph 2)
首先，大多数物质的过量使用都会产生负面影响，如中毒或严重的感知错乱。
3. He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. (NETEM 1996 Passage 5, paragraph 2)
他揭露了这些人的纲领和手段，对那些不了解创世纪论者惯用手法的人来说，其欺骗和歪曲事实的程度会让他们感到气愤和吃惊。
shallow | n. | (pl.)浅滩 |
| a. | 1.肤浅的 2.浅的 |
swallow | n. | 燕子 |
| v. | 吞下 |
allow | vt. | 1.让......得到 2.承认 3.允许，准许 |
allowance | n. | 1.津贴，补助费，零用钱 2.宽容，允许 |
1. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea. (CET-4, 2001.6, Passage 1, paragraph 2)
专家研究了受此影响最大的地区，并画出一幅地图，向当地人预测他们的家园将在哪一年被大海吞噬。
2. They believe that my job prospects would have been pretty limited with the degree in philosophy, plus they give me a really generous allowance. (CET-4, 2006.6.24, 新题型 Conversation Two)
他们相信如果当时我选了哲学专业的话那我的就业前景就会大打折扣。还有，我爸妈也给不少零用钱。
