初二英语上册知识点（短语、句型）
MODULE1
1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a....,every...用一般现在时，第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形，第三人称单数后跟动词加's'/'es'。
2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment ....用现在进行时，结构是be (am, is, are) +v-ing
3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段时间, some day, next....用一般将来时，结构：will + v原 \ be going to +v原（没有动词用be ）
4、如有yesterday, ......ago , last....just now.....用一般过去时动词加ed
give sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 every day每天,
write down 写下，记下write it (them) down everyday每天的，日常的,
how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做....怎么样 each other 互相.
thanks a lot= thank you very much非常谢谢
回答That's all right. =You're welcome.= That'OK.= It's my pleasure.=Not at all.Why don't you+V原...=why not+...V原 为什么不
help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助别人 help sb. (to )do sth.帮助某人做某事
with one's help=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助help oneself to sth.请自用食物
watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事，（现在没有做，做过）
watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事（正在做）see, hear类似
remember to do sth.想起记得要做某事，未做事 remember doing sth.相起记得做过某事
forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
welcome back欢迎回来 , new term新学期
this term这学期 , next term 下学学期,
last term上学期, give you some advice给你一些建议
why not 为什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误
correct spelling正确的拼写, what else?=what other things? 还有什么
a piece of advice 一条建议, follow /take one's advice采用别人的建议,
send sth to sb.=send sb. sth. 寄给某人 send for派人去请/取
send up发射. all the time一直
enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快
lots of =a lot of =many(可数)\much(不可数)许多 , ,
spend : sb. spend some time on sth.某人花费时间做某事
sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事
Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花费钱买某物
Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花费钱买某物
Cost: sth. cost sb. some money 某物花去某人钱
pay: sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付钱
Take: It takes (took) sb.some time to do sth.做某事花去某人时间
ask for 请求，要求, ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物
ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 a piece of一块
enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,这些词语后跟动名词形式V-ing
place sth.in =put sth. in 把某物放在…里面
else常修饰不定代词，关系代词或副词，也可修饰all, much,little等，else要位于其后。所有格为else's.
take a deep breath深呼吸, catch\hold one's breath屏住呼吸,
out of breath上气不接下气, wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事,
the number of …的数目，后跟名词复数，动词用三单, a number of =many,大量，许多后跟名词复数，动词用复数形式。a large number of， a small number of ,
invite sb.to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 find+ it+ adj+to do sth.发现做某事怎么样
try to do sth.尽力做事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事
try not to do sth .尽力不做某事 try one's best尽某人最大的努力,
a group of 一组，一群, borrow sth from sb.从某人处借入某物,
lend sth.to sb=lend sb.sth.借给某人某物 keep借一段时间
practice doing sth.,练习做做某事 come from=be from来自,
look for 寻找, look after=care for=take care of照顾
look up 向上看，查阅, look like看起来像,
look at 看着, look on sb. as把某人看作,
look forward to doing sth. 盼望，期待做某事 look over检查，翻阅 ,
look out当心，向外看 , look through仔细查看,
be ready for =get ready for=prepare for为…, be ready准备好 ,
be (get ) ready to do sth.准备做某事，乐意做某事
translate…into… 将…译成…，
take a message捎个信， leave a message留个信，
be good for 对…有好处， be good at =do well in擅长于…
be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in不擅长… Think of想起，
think about想出， think over仔细考虑，
else修饰不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,
nobody和who, what,when,where时放后，
四说，1,speak说语言，2.say说内容，3,talk与谁说，4,tell告诉，讲述，
四看，1,watch观看电视，比赛和表演，2,see看人，电影，医生，风景，
3,read看书，报，4,look就看。 看场电影要用see，读书看报用read 电视、戏剧、比赛，凡是表演用watch,observe细观察，一时注意用notice.
make+宾语+补足语（形容词）使某人某物怎么样。
.make+宾语+do 让某人做某事
make+宾语+过去分词 使某人被怎么样；make friends with sb.与某人交朋友，
hear of听说， hear from收到某人的来信，
be bad for对…有害， it is +adj.+of sb +to do sth.写性格，品质 kind, good
nice ,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。
It is+adj+for sb +to do sth. 对物的评价difficult,easy hard,dangerous,important,等
write to… 给…写信， next to 在…旁边，
do some concerts办音乐会， speak to sb.和某人讲话，
say hello to sb. 给某人问好， say bye to sb.向某人说再见，
show sb. around somewhere带某人参观某地，
learn sth from sb.向某人学习
choose the correct answers选择正确答案, correct the mistakes改错,
match …with…把…和…搭配起来
建议：1.why don't you do sth?=why not do sth?
2.How about doing sth?=what about doing sth?
3.You should /can do sth. 4.Remember to do sth.
5.Don't forget to do sth. 6.can you do sth ?
7.Let's do sth. 8.It'sa good idea to do
9.would you like to do ? 10.Shall we do
11.You'd better (not )do sth.
回答：That's a good idea.Thanks a lot.
Great, OK. That's right. All right. Good idea. Sure.
MODULE2 现在完成时：
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或结果，常与recently, ever, never,already,yet ,just,before still连用；
2.表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for+时间段或since+时间点连用。
结构：have(has)+过去分词，
get into=enter进入, what's the price of …=how much is …问价格
dream about梦到, dream of 梦见,
around the world=all over the world全世界,
stay with sb.与某人呆一起 stay at home呆在家里,
stay in bed呆在床上 , walk to =go to…on foot步行去
take off 脱下，起飞, land on/in /at 着路,
all over China,全中国, take a seat =have a seat请坐 ,
come ture实现, fly to =go to ...by plane(by air),坐飞机
drive to =go to …by car开车， at the end of在…尽头/结尾
sell out 卖光, at the end 在结束时,
have been to去过（现在不在那儿） ,have gone to 去了（现在不在说话地）
everyday English日常英语， first price一等奖，
The most exciting experience最激动人心的经历， before long不久，
long before=soon=a little later很久以前， no problem没问题，
have a problem in doing sth.做某事有困难， work out a problem解决一个问题，
invite sb to do sth,邀请某人做某事 invite sb to some place邀请某人去某地,
one day,某一天，（过去或将来） some day某一天（将来） ,
连系动词，一是be (am, is ,are ,was ,were,)一感觉feel ，一保持keep，三变become, get turn，
四起来taste ,smell , look, sound，后跟形容词作表语。
不定代词：somebody, some one某人，anybody,anyone任何人nobody,no one，没人everyone,everybody每个人,something某物 ,anything任何物,nothing没事,everything一切事物，修饰他们的形容词放后。
different kinds of =all kinds of 不同种类的，各种各样的，
by the end of 到…末为止，不迟于
give a concert=give concerts举办音乐会
in the end =finally最后，终于，
take a photo=take photos照相，店 cook sth for sb.=cook sb.sth. 为某人做饭buy,make
such+a /an +adj+单数名词=so +adj+a/an+单数名词 (名前such，形副so，多多少少也用so,little属特殊，“小”用such,少用so.)
交通工具的乘坐，take the(a) +交通工具to , =go...by+交通工具=go...on /in+a(the)+交通工具(小汽车只能用in ，其余的可用in ,on);
walk to some where=go to...on foot; fly to somewhere.=go ....by plane
ride to somewhere=go...by bike, drive to somewhere=go to by car,
a kind of一种 , be kind to sb对某人友善 since then从那时起，
take off 脱下，起飞，请假, reckon=consider =regard =think考虑，认为,
be reckoned (to be) ,被以为 reckon....as... 相当于
regard ...as...把当成 in the photo,在照片里
go abroad,出国 be abroad,在国外 travel abroad,到国外旅行
sell out,卖光 sell to , 卖给某人 sell well卖得好 ,
四个也：also,肯定，行前be 后；too肯定，句末；either,否定，句末；as well,肯定，句末。
go to sleep,去睡觉 the price of,....的价格，形容价格用high,low。
sell sth at a high price,以高价出售， sell sth at a low price,以低价出售。
yet ,用于完成时态的否定句和疑问句中；have a wonderful time 玩得高兴,
would like to do sth=want to do sth,想要做某事
would like sb. to do sth=wat sb to do sth想要某人做某事
MODULE3
already早已，用于完成时的肯定,； yet,用于完成时的否定和疑问； just,用于完成时
just now=a moment ago用于过去时,
arrive at (小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=get to ,到达
bring,从外往里拿， take ,从里往外拿， carry无方向, fetch往返拿,
more than ,=over,多于 less than,少于
alone,个体单独，独自； lonely,孤独，寂寞，也表示荒凉，
most of.. ..的大多数, a visit to 对 ...的参观,
on a visit to....,参观... for a visit 参观, pay a visit to ,拜访
as ...as....和....一样 not as ...as..=not so ...as 不如,
so ...that如此...以致于....如果that后是否定,就可以用too...to转换,如果是肯定就用,形容+enough(for sb )to do sth.
be famous for 因...面著名(原因), be famous as以...身份或产地而著名
prefer doing sth. to doing sth.=like doing sth better than doing sth更喜欢做某事,
prefer to 更喜欢... prefer to do sth rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事,
return from a visit to 从...访问返回,
be named after 以...的名字命名,
be proud of 以....自豪, be up to sb.由某人决定,
up to 从事于,忙于, space station在太空站,
show sth to sb.=show sb sth把某物给某人看, on business出差,因...公事,
在...的上面 over,在..上面,正上方,中间有段空间,反义为under
on 在...上面,贴着物表,反义beneath, above在..上方,高出,反义below
in the sky=in the air在天空中, by air=by plane坐飞机,
in the last three years在过去三年里,用于现在完成时,
none 用于三个以上的全否定，反义为all；neither两个都不，反义为both,
the lastest news,最新消息， share sth.with sb.与分享某物
MODULE4 get on /along with sb,与...相处, get on well with sb.与...相处融洽
hear about ,hear of 听说, in fact实际上,
the Hope Schools,希望学校 look after=take care of =care for,照顾
drop out of school,缀学 take part in, 参加
pay for ,支付,付钱 how long ,多长时间
how soon,多久 get on badly with ,与...相处不好
hear from sb.收到某人的信，邮件等 on the farm ,在农场上
in the last+一段时间,in th past +一段时间in the recent+ 一段时间,这三个用于现在完成时
because of因为...... , sell sth.to sb.=sell sb .sth.,把某物卖给某人
buy sth from ...buy sth for sb..给某人买东西 get an education接受教育,
take part in=join参加, in good/bad health身体健康/不健康,
care about关心,在乎, take care 当心,
how often隔多久一次, stop doing sth.停止做某事,
stop to do sth.停下来去做别的事, dress /undressr+人,
put on/wear/take off+衣, drop out 退出,离队,
drop in 顺便来访, drop out of school 退学
point at 指着, point to 指向 put on one's clothes穿上衣服
with the help of sb.=wiht sb's help 在别人的帮助下
without the help of sb.无人帮助的情况 at home and abroad在国内外
非延续性动词变为延续动词：
buy--have open--be open join --be in borrow--keep die ---be dead
leave--be away come here---be here go there--be there begin--be on
finish--be over make friends--be friends get ready--be ready buy--get /have
arrive/get to /reach/come--be in \be at /stay, put on--have on /wear get up--be up
可延续性动词不可以与for 或since 连用，非延续性动词的否定式也可以和for /since连用.
other其他的，另外的，别的； another另一个人或事物；
the other两个中的另一个； the others其余的，剩下的人或事物；
others其他的，另外的，别的人或物
MODULE 5 on earth ,究竟，到底，可用在when ,what ,who,where,how ,which,why 等之后，相当于in the world,用在否定句中相当于not ...at all；
a fan of ,...的迷 give a concert =give concerts,举行音乐会
be famous for ,因..而著名(后+人或物某方面的特点,特长)
be famous as ,作为...而闻名(后+身份职业)
at the age of =when sb.was...years old, 在...岁的时候
not only....but also..不仅..而且(就近原则)上 classical music,古典音乐
belong to ,属于 sth belong to sb. 物属于人
across ,从一定范围内的一边到另一边,表面进行through,从中间通过或穿过,里面进行;over上方通过,不接触表面;
hear of 听说, be born出生, go through穿过,
I'm not sure我不确定, I'm sure肯定,
make sb.+adj使某人怎么样, make sb .do sth.使某人做某事,
take sb. around带人四处走走, a piece of music一首乐曲,
in addition to 除...以外,buy him a guitar=buy a guitar for him给某人买吉他,
go on with sth.继续做某事, go on doing sth.继续做某事,
die of 患..而死,常接hunger, cold, illness,cancer内部原因,
die from由于..,而死,常接a wound ,an accident,carelessness外部原因,
learn to do sth学做某事, learn from sb.向某人学习,
Learn...by heart熟记,背诵, learn one's lesson from...从... 中吸取教训,
反意疑问句:
1.先断"定",判断是否定或肯定.
如有not ,never, few, little, hardly, no ,nobody,seldom,nothing等词,则是否定,后面该用肯定.
2.后找"动",观察前面的动词,若含有或情态动词直接用,若为实义动词原形,用do,三单用does,过去式用did, had better用had
3.换代,主语定代词,三单用he ,she ,it ,复用they we ; somebody,nobody 类似的用they,和thing一起的用
4.肯定祈使句，反问句部分可用will you /won't you ？否定祈使句，用will you ？
5.Let's...用shall we? let us....用will you?,
6.在think,believe,suppose+从句结构中，疑问句部分与从句保持一致，同时主句的否定转移到从句中; 但第二，三人称与主句保持一致：I don't think you have done it ,have you? /He doesn't think you have done it ,does he?即：当主句人称是一，从句是二时，看二；当主句是三时，就看三。
7.回答只针对事实作答;Yes+肯定 ,No+否定
give sb.sth=give sth.to sb. 给某人某物,give in投降,
give up doing sth 放弃, give out 分发,
give a way to 对...让步, on the earth在地球上,
both....and既....又..... 就近原则 neither....nor既不....又不,就近原则
either...or要么....要么.there be, not only...but also就近原则,,
may be可能是. maybe=perhaps大概,也许
In addition to ..除...以外(还有) =besides, but 除..之外,,常与否定意义词连用,当but前有do时but后接原形, except,除....之外(不包括)
on holiday度假, of course=,sure当然
all types of呼种 , part time job,一份兼职工作
on one's own独自 , be led by由....带领
MODULE 6 过去进行时
用法：1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或正存在的状态，一般常和at that time, at 点yesterday, then, last night,this time yesterday ,the whole morning,when I arrived 等特定的过去时间连用。
2.表示一个过去动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行或两个延续性过去的动作同时进行,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。
结构：was /were +V-ing
go on 继续, go on doing sth继续做某事(同一件事),
go on to do sth 继续做某事(另一件事),
go on with sth继续做同一件事,但中间暂停过,
How is it going ?=How are you getting on /along?近况如何?
by the river,在河边
at this time yesterday昨天 的这个时候, in a tree=in the tree ,在树上(外来物)
on a tree =on the tree,在树上,(树本身的) smile at sb. 朝着某人微笑,
laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 fall into ,掉进,跌入
fall off 掉下来, fall behind ,落后,跟不上
fall in love with,爱上 be careful,小心
by mistake由于出错 at that /this time在那/这时
have nothing to do 没事可做, nothing strange没什么奇怪的，
take sth. out of .... 把...从...拿出来, happen to do sth.碰巧做某事
感官动词see ,hear ,watch,feel ,notice,smell,taste后+名词或代词+动词原形(表示动作已经发生)后+名词或代词+Ving(表示动作正在进行)
under th hedge在树篱下面, go down下去,
think about 考虑, think of想起，认为 ,
think over仔细考虑, think out,想出
think hard,努力想，努力思考 What happened to sb.?某人发生了什么事？
be on 上演， go off熄灭，停，
英语中当几个单数人称同时作主语时，先后顺序是“二、三、一”
not ...until直到....才......(主句中常用非延续性动词)
till/until直到......为止(主句中常用延续性动词)
something wrong with...,出了毛病, lie in bed 躺在床上,
jump out of从...跳出来 ,on one's way to someplace,在某人去某地的路上
on one's way home在某人回家的路上,from ....to,从...到....(动词+Ving)
when,while ,as的区别 当...时候
When可与持续性动词连用,表示"一段时间,"也可与短暂性动词连用,表示"时刻".主句的动作可以与从句的动作同时发生,也可以先后发生.如果主从句都是短暂性动词时,只能用When
While表示主句和从句的动作同时发生.其从句的动词必须为延续性动词,从句多用进行时态,也可用表示状态的动词的一般时态.如果主从句都是进行时,只能用While
as与When同义,但as指主句的动作和从句的动作交替进行或同步发展.
wear out 穿坏,穿旧,用坏, cheer up 使振奋;使兴奋,
follow one's advice听从某人的建议, look into向...的里面看,
stop to do sth. 停下做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某事
stop ...from doing sth.阻止....做某事, what kind哪种,
a kind of一种, all kinds of =different kinds of 各种各样的,
kind of =a bit=a little 有点, walk along沿着....走,
by mistake 错误地，无意地, by oneself单独，独立地,
by the way, 顺便说 墙的表面用on，墙的内部用in
have something to do有事可做 ,have something to eat有可吃的东西 ,
have nothing to drink没有什么喝的东西 feel tired感到疲劳
no one,一般不与of连用，动词用单数，只指人，一般用来回答who
none ,可与of连用，动词可用单数或复数，指人或物，回答how many /how much引导的问句，以及含any+n 的一般问句
Nothing，指物，动词用单数，
without doing sth.没做， be tired=get tired累了，
during the day 一整天，
被动语态的结构是：be+及物动词的过去分词
变法：1主+谓+宾语.将宾语变作主语,将谓语变被动语态,将主语变by宾语.
2.主+谓+间宾+直宾 将间接宾语变作主语,谓语变成被动语态,直接宾语不变.
3主+谓+直宾+间宾+to或for 将直变主,将谓变被告,其余不变.by原主
4.主+谓+宾+宾补宾作主,谓变被,其余不变,by原主.
5.主+谓+宾+宾补(let,see,make ,hear,watch ,feel, help, notice,observe,look at ,listen
to )变为被动时，后加to
6.主+短语动词+宾语， 宾作主，短变被，其余不变,by原主.
7.带有be going to,be about to ,be to ,have to ,used to ,be supposed to ,be sure to
等要将to后来动词变以被动
