新概念英语第二册笔记
Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card
【New words and expressions】生词和短语 （11）
send v. 寄，送
postcard n. 明信片
spoil v. 使索然无味，损坏
museum n. 博物馆
public adj . 公 的
friendly adj . 友好的
waiter n. 服务员，招待员
lend v. 借给
decision n. 决定
whole adj . 整个的
single adj . 唯一的，单一的
★send v. 寄, 送
send a letter 寄信
send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 给某人送 （寄）什么东西
send/take children to school：take 强调某人亲自送；send 则是通过第三人去送, 如美国的校车
take flowers to his wife 自己送
send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送
★postcard n. 明信片
两个爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。这里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音
name card /visiting card 名片
Here is my name card. ( 口语常用, 同时伴随着递出的动作)
ID card 身份证 （ID 身份）
credit card 信用卡
cash card 现金卡, 储蓄卡, 工资卡(不能透支的那种)
★spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然无味, 损坏
①vt. 弄坏，损坏，糟蹋
The sad news spoiled our weekend. 这不幸的消息使我们没能过好 末。
The rain spoiled the school sports. 这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。
This spoiled my day.
What you said spoiled me.
His arrival spoiled my holiday.
②vt. 宠坏，惯坏，溺爱
Don’t spoil your children. 不能太惯孩子。
His parents spoiled the boy.
spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好; 生活中不顺心的事;宠坏, 溺爱
break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃
damage: 破坏, 程度不一定很重
destroy : 破坏, 彻底摧毁
以上三个是指物理上的破坏, 而spoil 主要指精神上的
★museum n. 博物馆
Palace Museum 故
★public adj . 公 的
① adj . 公 的，公众的，社会的
There is a public library in this town.
I always sit in public gardens on Sundays.
② adj . 公开的，众人皆知的
Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later. 他们的秘密会晤20 年以后才被公开。
public house （ 吧）简称pub
public place 公 场所
in public 公开的；in private 下里的
Let’s have a conversation in private. 让我们 下谈谈?
Why not have a conversation in public? 为什么不公开谈呢?(当面说呢?)
③n. 公众，群众，大众
The public is/are pleased with his explanation. 公众对他的解释很满意。
The museum is open to the public on Sunday.
★friendly adj . 友好的
friendly 是形容词，单独使用时一般做定语；作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly
way
He is not very friendly to John.
She gave me a friendly greeting.
He always greets me in a friendly way.
以-ly 结尾的形容词还有lovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherly
★waiter n. 服务员, 招待员
waiter(男服务员), waitress(女服务员), 只出现在餐馆里
chief waiter 领班
I want to see the chief waiter. 我要见你们的领班。
shop assistant 商店里的店员
attendant n. （其他公 场所的）服务员
★lend v. 借给
lend to （借出）：lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.
Can you lend me $20 please? I’ll pay/give it back tomorrow.
borrow from （借进）：borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. （borrow 不能用borrow sb sth. ）
He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn’t given me it yet.
★decision n. 决定
make /take a decision 作出决定
It was not easy for me to make/take this decision.
Are you made/taken a decision?
make a big/great decision (big：重大；great：伟大, 更重大)
decide v. 决定
★whole adj . 整个的
a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶
the whole ，the whole day 整天 ，two whole weeks 整整两星期
all th ，all the day (the 可省略) 整天
all of 后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词；一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the
all of us ；all of the students
★single adj . 唯一的, 单一的
反义词 : double 双倍的
【课文讲解】
1、Last summer, I went to Italy.
last：
① adj . 上一个
last summer 里的last 表示 “上一个”
② adj . 最后一个，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词the
the last day 最后一天 （具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on）
2、A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.
Italian 于Italy : 注意重 音的位置不同
teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事
He teaches our English.(错)
He teaches us English.(对)
语言不可数, 所以要用a little Italian 或a few words of Italian
I can speak a little English/a few words of English.
a few 可与复数可数名词连用，表示肯定，含有some，a small number of （一些，少数几个）的意思。
The police would like to ask him a few questions. 警察要问他一些问题。
3、Everyday I thought about postcards.
think about/of 考虑, 思考，指某一段时间一直在想/考虑某事, think of 还可指想到
What do you think of?
What do you think of TV program last night?
What do you think of the weather today? 你觉得天气怎么样?
think over 仔细考虑，反复思考
What’s the weather like today?
cold, chilly （非常非常冷）, freeze
I'll freeze.我要冻僵了
4、I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
spend 与表示时间的词或短语连和时，意思为“花（时间）”、“度过”
spend+时间+地点 : 在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间
I spend three hours in the sea.
I spend my weekend at my mother's.
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.
I spend a lot of time in traffic j am.(交通堵塞)
spend 还可以表示“花钱”
If we spend all the money, we’ll be poor again.
I can’t spend any more on this car.
【Key structures】
一般过去时
一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生，而不指动作持续多久。
Do you ever catch a cold in the winter?
Yes, I caught a cold last winter.
【Special Difficulties】
直接宾语与间接宾语
双宾语：直接宾语(表示动作结果，动作所涉及的事物)和间接宾语(动作目标，动作是谁做的或为谁做的，通常是人)。间接宾语大多数情况下置于直接宾语之前，如果间接宾语在后，间接宾主前必须加“to” （表示动作对什么人做）或“for”（表示动作为什么人而做）。
give sb. sth./give sth to sb
间接宾语在后面时, 其前必须加to(对……而言)或for(为……而做)。可以翻译为“给”、“替”、“为”的，就用for；如果只能翻译为“给”的, 就用to与to 相连的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe
take flowers to my wife.
与for 相连的 buy, order, make, find
I buy a book for you .
make a cake for you
find sth. for sb.
do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙
Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 帮我一个忙
I do something for you.
Can I order something for you?
Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意为我请你喝杯 的意思
【Multiple choice questions】
4 ___a___ him a few words of Italian? The waiter.
a. Who taught b. Who did teach c. What did he teach d. Whom did he teach
人做主语提问——who 对宾语提问——whom
who 既可以对主语提问也可以对宾语提问, 而whom 只能对宾语提问
如果对主语提问, 则句子的语序和陈述句语序一样；如果对非主语来提问, 则句子要使用特殊疑问词+一般疑问句的语序
Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?
5 He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the writer ___d___ .
a. friend b. as friends c. like friends d. in a friendly way
He spoke to the writer like a friend.
in...way : 以...方式, 作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly way
7 He spent the whole day in his room. He was in his room ___c___ day.
a. the hole b. the all c. all d. all of
all (the) day
all of 后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词all of us ；一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the
all of the friends all of my friends all of the students
10 On the last day he made a big decision. It was the ___a___ day of his holiday.
a. final b. end c. latest d. bottom
final——形容词 end——名词/动词 latest——形容词 bottom——名词
latest adj . 最新的
latest news；latest style 新款
11 He made a big decision. He ___b___ .
a. thought about it b. made up his mind c. changed his mind d. made a wish
think about:考虑、思考、想 make up one's mind:下定决心
change one's mind:改变主意 make a wish : 许个心愿, 愿望, 许愿
