英语学术论文替换词
1. individuals,characters替换(people ,persons)
2. positive,favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good
3. dreadful,unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad
注 如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换
eg An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games,enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. Whenit approaches to graduation，as a result, they findtheir academic records are less impressive
4. (anarmy of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.
注 用many, if notmost 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
eg Manyindividuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理，用most, if not all ,替换most.
5. aslice of, quite a few, several替换some
6. harborthe idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that,it is universally acknowledged that替换think
注 因为是书面语，所以要加that
7. affair,business ,matter替换thing
8. shared替换common
9. reaphuge fruits替换get manybenefits
10. formy part ,from my own perspective替换in my opinion
11. Increasing(ly),growing替换more and more
注 没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.
egsth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular withthe advancement of sth.
12. littleif anything, 或little ornothing替换hardly
13. beneficial,rewarding替换helpful
14. shopper,client, consumer, purchaser, 替换customer
15. exceedingly,extremely, intensely替换very
16. hardlynecessary, hardly inevitable ... 替换 unnecessary, avoidable
17. sthappeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in
18. captureone’s attention替换attract one’sattention.
19. facet,demension, sphere代aspect
20. beindicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear
21. giverise to, lead to, result in, trigger替换cause.
22.There are several reasons behind sth替换..reasons for sth
23. desire替换want.
24. pourattention into替换pay attentionto
25. bearin mind that替换remember
26.enjoy, possess 替换have
注process是过程的意思
27.interaction 替换communication
28. frownon sth替换be against , disagree with sth
29. toname only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance
30.next to / virtually impossible,替换nearly / almost impossibl
▎常用的写作词汇
琐碎的，不重要的，微不足道的—trivial frivolous superficial trifling worthless
轻视，贬抑—disdain despise reject scorn contempt derogate depreciat
嘲笑，嘲讽—deride mock ridicule scorn sneer quip flout hack persiflage taunt
容易冲动的—impetuous hasty headlong rash brash passionate precipitate reckless
理论家，空谈家—doctrinaire pedant theorist
残忍的，野蛮的—ferocious bloodthirsty brutal cruel fierce vicious wild atrocious
邪恶的，有害的，致命的—sinister diabolic corrupt forbidding pernicious virulent
秘密的，偷偷的—cryptic furtive covert covered hidden hideaway
避难所—asylum haven home institution refuge shelter harbor
节约的—frugal prudent saving economical sparing thrifty abstemious stint
浪费的，挥霍的—prodigal extravagant lavish spendthrift wasteful squander
浪费时间，逗弄，嬉戏—dally dawdle delay lag linger loiter
祝福，感谢—benediction bless bliss blessing
欺骗，诈骗—deceive beguile dupe hoax mislead trick bamboozle cheat delude
逃避工作—malinger goldbrick relinquish
揭密，泄漏—uncover disclose expose open reveal unmask
掠夺，抢劫—loot predaterob pillage plunder sack spoil despoil burglarize angle
诽谤，中伤—aspersion slander derogate calumniate libel discredit denigrate
赞扬—extol compliment glorify laud praise commend acclaim eulogize eucomium
颂词，表扬—laud eulogy ode hymn
反对，不赞成—demur deprecate dissent dissident
否认，拒绝，驳斥—contradict dispute refute renounce naysay reject repudiate gainsay
哀悼，后悔，哀叹—deplore bemoan regret lament dirge bewail repent
驱逐，出境—deport banish expel expatriate evict exile oust exclude ostracism
居住—dwell abidereside inhabit occupy
夸张，吹牛—vaunt exaggerate bombast overstate full-blown overdo magnify amplify
夸张的—stilted lofty
傲慢，专横—hauteur swagger imperious arrogance overbearing preemptory scurrilous contemptuoushaughty insolent arbitrary
活泼的—vivacious active animated brisk dynamic energetic exuberant gay lively
恶作剧的，顽皮的——prankish naughty impish elfish devilish mischievous puckish
笨拙的，麻烦的—cumbersome bulky burdensome clumsy troublesome unmanageable bothersomegauche antic awkward ham-handed
暴乱，骚动—agitation bother commotion fret stir riot squall
大风暴—tempest violence storm
大混乱，大灾难—havoc calamity catastrophe misfortune disaster mishap tragedy
巨大的，惊人的—prodigious colossal enormous extraordinary gigantic huge immense mammoth vast tremendous
例外的，奇特的，罕见的—exceptional remarkable stupendous
奇妙的，不可思议的—miraculous wonderful marvelous
大胆的，莽撞的—audacious bold brave daring gallant heroic valiant prowess
多产的，丰富的，繁茂的—prolific fecund fertile fruitful productive flourish opulent well-off munificent prosperous affluent plentiful abundant
贫瘠的，不孕的，不毛之地—barren sterile
贫困的，贫乏的，没钱的—indigent penurious penury impecunious improvished needy down-and -out penniless wretched destitute bankrupt
手铐，束缚—shackle handcuff manacle chain bind fetter
神秘的—mysterious esotericoccult
取消，撤销，废除—resciss repeal nullify abolish quash withdraw abrogate overrule abolish annul cancel invalidate recall rescind revoke nullify retract
使衰弱，使衰老—enfeebl eenervate debilitate weaken vitiate
虚弱的，衰老的—feckless flaccid flagging languid effete
耻辱，污名—tarnish stain slur disgrace brand blemish stigma discredit humiliation
持久的—everlasting perpetual permanent endurable abiding eternal
短暂的—momentary temporary transient ephemeral evanescent provisional
谨慎的，警觉的—wary chary vigilant discreet considerate cautious prudent
责备，指责，咒骂—accuse blame censure charge denounce impugn impeach indict invective execrate condemn criticize reproach reprove disapprove upbraid vituperate reprove injure reprehend rebuke inveigh diatribe abuse lambaste obloquy
免责，确定无罪—exempt exonerate exculpate invulnerable absolve
妨碍，阻挠—filibuster encumber impede hamper hinder stymie curb obstruct restrain retard hamper thwart foil clog check occlude
促进，帮助—precipitateaccelerate advance facilitate hasten hurry promote quicken speed-up assist abet press
挑剔的—meticulous nitpick finicky finical exacting censoring fussy punctilious prudish fastidious choosy critical particular selective pernickety prissy
苛责，吹毛求疵的—carpcavil pick criticize quibble
迅速发展—prosper flourish thrive boom develop grow increase mushroom sprout
镇压—quell appease extinguish hush lull mollify pacify quiet smother
stifle subdue suppress squelsh foil slake quench
刺激—rouse arouseawaken excite foment anger inflame kindle move pique provoke disquiet incense whet stimulate stir instigate galvanize vex rile roil annoy aggravate disturb irritate
放纵—indulge coddle pamper pander-to mollycoddle humor cater dote-on
sybarite voluptuary wanton spoil
笨蛋，傻瓜—dolt numskull dunce blockhead lout idiocy idiot cretin half-wit fool dullard imbecile moron simpleton prat oaf slouch dull-head
愚蠢—idiocy stupidity absurdity madness lunacy folly
愚蠢的—crass doltish oafish imbecilic moronic fatuous vacuous
伪造，掺假—adulterate forge counterfeit falsify bogus
真正的，纯种的—genuine authentic
真实的，坦诚的，诚实的—candid candor frank fair genuine open pure trustworthy trustful veracious virtuous
减弱，降低—clam appease allay alleviate ease lessen moderate pacify relieve attenuate abate
宁静的，平静的—quiet calm serene peaceful silent still tranquil pacific
冷静的，不为所动的—phlegmatic impassive apathetic composed indifferent reserve dunemotional unfeeling unmoved
新手，生手—apprentice neophyte novice typo greenhorn freshman uninitiated verdant
预言，预知，预告—presage predict forecast foresee foretell portend portent prophesy anticipate omen divine soothsay augur forebode presentiment
犹豫，停滞—balk boggle scruple demur falter flounder pause vacillate waver hesitate
消除，除去—efface erase obliterate raze eliminate exterminate
闲扯，瞎说—drivel prate babble chat chatter gossip blab prattle babble gabble jabber
怀脾气的，暴躁的—cantankerous cranky irascible irritable quarrelsome
choleric apoplectic churlish petulant raspy
蹒跚，摇晃，跌倒—stagger lurch reel sway tumble waver flounder dodder ramshackle
昂首阔步—swagger strut
固执的—headstrong obstinate stubborn willful firm dogged adamant
bullheaded pigheaded inflexible tenacious rigid stiff unbending unyielding dour bigoted recalcitrant bigotry tenacity pertinacity
温顺的，驯服的—tame obedient meek gentle docile tame bonhomie
效忠，尊敬—homage adoration deference esteem honor respect reverence veneration
忠诚—fidelity allegiance attachment devotion faith fealty loyalty
精确，准确—accuracy exactness exactitude precision
简洁的—concise terse curt brief succinct compendious condensed compressed laconic
大纲，摘要—precis compendium compendia abstract summary synopsis
扼要，说明—recapitulate summarize outline
民意测验，民意调查—gall-up pollster
仁慈的，温和的，宽大的—lenient benefic beneficent benign benignant clement indulgent merciful mild tolerant
陈旧的—antiquated banal shopworn antique moth-eaten old-fashioned cliche dated outmoded hackneyed time-worn threadbare trite immemorial obsolete
使成僵局，僵局—stalemate deadlock
粗略的，大概的,粗糙的—schematic cursory coarse crude rough vulgar churlish husky
吸引人的—intriguing alluring appealing attractive bewitching captivate charming enchanting enticing fascinating interesting inviting tantalizing tempting thrilling winning ingratiating
优势，主权，权势—clout ascendance ascendancy authority preponderance
荒谬的，愚蠢的，可笑的—preposterous absurd silly ridiculous senseless nonsensical
合理的—logical national reasonable sound
一致的，相等的，同样的—congruent tantamount commensurate
和睦，一致—concord harmony agreement rapport conformity
分配，给予，分发—allocate allot apportion assign distribute divide
相称的，合适的，应得的—condign becoming fitting proper suitable appropriate
微不足道的—trivial frivolous measly paltry superficial trifling worthless
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