Each year, there are at least hundreds of aspiring physicians studying medicine abroad who consider transferring into an American medical school. This diverse pool of medical students includes both foreign nationals studying at various institutions with aspirations of practicing in the United States, and U.S. citizens and residents who chose to go abroad and now wish to return home. Transferring between medical schools, even for those at an American medical school, is already difficult. What is the likelihood that foreign medical students can transfer in?
每年至少有数以百计有理想抱负的海外医生考虑转学到美国的医科学校。在这个多种多样的医科学生候选名单中，既有现在在不同学校学习的有志外籍学生，也有那些曾经选择出国而如今希望重返祖国的美国公民和居民。在医科学院间转校，即使是对已经就读于美国医科学校的学生来说，也是困难重重的。那么外国医科学生转校的可能性又有多大呢？
Most U.S. medical schools only consider potential transfer applicants coming from schools accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME), which only accredits medical schools in the United States and Canada. However, transfer policies vary widely among schools, and there are a handful of institutions that consider applications from students enrolled at international medical schools.
绝大多数的美国医科学校只考虑现就读于医学教育联络委员会认证的学校中的潜在申请者，而该委员会只认证美国和加拿大的医疗学校。虽然如此，各个学校的转校政策千差万别，而且也有少数院校考虑就读于国际医科学校的申请学生。
The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) keeps a database of individual school transfer policies, including whether schools will consider applicants from universities overseas. As always, it is best to confirm with the individual school for the most current information. According to this database, seven U.S. schools were identified (including Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science and Drexel University) that consider foreign transfer applicants. There are some schools that also consider U.S. residents of their state enrolled in medical school overseas (such as the University of Wisconsin--Madison).
美国医学院校协会拥有各所学校不同的转校政策的数据库，这其中包括学校是否会考虑海外申请者。一如既往，最好是去确认希望申请学校的目前最新信息。依据这个数据库，有七所美国学校确认考虑海外转校申请者（包括罗莎琳·富兰克林医药科学大学和德雷塞尔大学）。也有些学校考虑他们本州地区在海外就读医科学校的美国居民（例如威斯康辛大学麦迪逊分校）。
In most cases, before you can transfer, you must have taken Step 1 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and achieved a score at least above 200 (240 and above is considered competitive), in addition to having outstanding academic credentials at your overseas institution. Some advantages with transferring to a U.S. medical school include:
绝大多数情况下，在你转校前，你必须参加美国医师执照考试中的第一阶段并至少达到200分以上（240分及以上较有竞争力），并在你就读的海外学校具有杰出的学术造诣。转入美国医科学校后的优势包括：
• Enhanced residency matching opportunities: Though foreign medical graduates (FMGs) routinely match at U.S. residency programs, the likelihood of a U.S. medical graduate matching is much higher overall: According to the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP), more than 94 percent of U.S. seniors matched in 2011, compared to 50 percent of U.S. FMGs. Only 40 percent of non-U.S. FMGs matched that year.
•增强住院实习匹配机会：虽然外国医科毕业生常规性的匹配于住院实习项目，然而总体来说，对于美国本土医科毕业生的可能性则更高：依据国家住院医生相配系统，在2011年高达94%的美国高年级学生得到匹配，而对于外国医科毕业生则只有50%。同年仅有40%的非美籍外国医科毕业生得到匹配。
Keep in mind that these numbers include all specialties; there are some specialties more accustomed to taking FMGs than others, and it is generally thought that some of the most competitive specialties (like plastic or orthopaedic surgery) rarely consider international graduates.
记住这些数字包括了所有的专业；有部分专业会比其他专业更倾向于录用外国医科毕业生，通常认为竞争最为激烈的专业（例如整形或矫形外科）极少考虑留学应届毕业生。
• Ease of licensing: U.S. medical school graduates benefit from a much smoother licensing process than FMGs. Before applying to residency, FMGs must be certified by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG). In many states, FMGs must complete additional U.S. training time to be eligible for licensure, and their applications often take significantly longer to process. It is not uncommon, particularly in California, for FMGs to be asked to leave a training program after their second or third year due to delays in processing licensure applications.
•执照获取的容易度：对于美国医科学校毕业生的执照获取过程比外国医科毕业生更加顺畅。在申请住院实习前，外国医科毕业生必须经过外国医学毕业生教育委员会认证。在许多州，外国医科毕业生必须完成额外的在美培训课时以获得资格许可，而他们的申请过程时间通常大大延长。外国医科毕业生在他们第二或第三学年中因资格许可申请延期而被要求离开培训项目，这样的事情并不罕见，特别是在加利福尼亚。
Before embarking on the transfer application process, it is also wise to consider some disadvantages:
在着手转校申请流程前，也要考虑到不足之处才明智：
• Low likelihood of acceptance: Even U.S. medical students have a difficult time transferring between schools. It is far more difficult to do so as an international medical student, and your options will be more limited. Surprisingly, to be considered competitive as an international transfer applicant, you almost always need to have a higher GPA and USMLE scores than a similarly placed U.S. premed or medical student.
•录取可能性较低：即使是美国医科学生也很难转校。那对于国际医科学生就更是难上加难了，而且你的选择十分有限。出人意料的是，作为一名国际转校申请者，要想拥有同等的竞争力，你几乎一定要比一个和你相似的美国医科预科或正式生拥有更高的GPA绩点和美国医师执照考试分数。
• Potential lengthening of training time: As with students transferring within the United States, education or training time could be extended when transferring from an international to an American medical school. Because international medical school curricula differ more substantially from U.S. curricula, it is far more likely these students might have to repeat certain classes or clerkships.
•潜在的培训时间延长性：同美国本土转校生一样，从海外转校至美国医科学校的学生上学或培训时间可能被增长。因为国际医科学校课程与美国课程大幅度的不相同，极有可能这些学生不得不重修某些课程或见习。
Transferring from an overseas medical school to an American institution is probably one of the most difficult admissions processes. However you plan your medical school career strategy, it is important to know your options beforehand.
从海外医科学校转入美国学校可能是最难的录取过程之一。即使如此，计划你的医科学校职业策略，在事先了解你有的选择十分重要。
