tenet --- principle/belief
turn = change
vast - immense - extensive
with the ordinary citizen’s pocketbook = affordable
advent = arrival
affair = matter
chronic --- constant - confirmed 慢性的;证实的
consequence = result/importance
counter = oppose
countervail 补偿，抵消; 对抗 = compensate/oppose
distinction = differentiation/excellence/honor
distribution = dispersion = dispersal
embed = implant
euphoric = extremely happy
flake = fragment
hinder 阻碍，打扰= interfere with
ladings 船货= cargos shipment
mandatory = required, obligatory
mundane 世俗的，平凡的= ordinary
prerequisite = something required (something needed to happen)
rather = instead 相反地/ in some degree在tain
sank (sink的过去式)= descended; dropped to the bottom
scant = minimum
sited = located
sophisticated = refined /elaborated /complex
ubiquitous 到处存在的 = common
unanimity = total agreement
spectator = viewer
sporadic = intermittent /irregular
stylus 铁笔，针状物 = pen
unconceivable = unimaginable
uniformly = evenly/ without variation/consistently
unique = sole/ distinct
warranted = authorized 授权的/justified
assume=take on 呈现/ suppose, posit 假设
