一、影响类题目概述
影响类题目是指题目中出现“effect”“affect”等关键词的题目，如：What are the effects of playing indoor games on children。按照事物的发展规律，凡事有因必有果，有行为就必有影响，只是影响的好坏大小各不相同。因此，影响类题目一直是雅思口语考试Part1话题中的热门问题。而经过一番研究我们会发现，几乎所有Part1的话题都包含影响类的题目。
回答好这类题目，我们有必要将大部分影响类的问题进行归类，并总结出各类影响的答题思路，发现其中的共性和规律，以彻底突破雅思口语Part1影响类话题。
二、影响类题目的分类
那么，雅思口语Part1影响类该如何分类呢？笔者认为，影响类话题可以从宏观和微观两个角度进行分类。
从宏观上看，影响类题目可以分为显性影响类题目和隐性影响类题目。所谓显性影响类话题，是指带有“effect”“affect”等词，可以明显判断出答题方向的题目。例如，雅思口语Part1中有这样一题——What are the effects of music on people’s life and work, 这就是显性影响类的典型问题。而所谓隐性影响类话题，是指问题中不带有“effect”“affect”等词，无法直接判断应该从影响角度切入回答的话题。但是通过一定的转换，我们可以把隐性影响类话题变为显性影响类话题。举一个例子：Do you think weekends are important to us, why or why not。虽然这题题目中没有“effect”“affect”等词，但通过分析，我们发现这题也属于影响类题目。大家都知道，周末对我们来说是很重要的，而其中的原因无外乎是关于周末对我们带来的好的影响。因此，这题就可以转换为：What are the good effects of weekends on people, 从影响的角度来回答。
从微观上看，影响类题目可以分为正面影响、负面影响和正负影响兼有三种题目。正面影响类题目是指题目中有出现“good”“positive”等词的问题，如What are the good effects of sports on people。负面影响类题目是指题目中有出现“bad”“negative”等词的问题，如What are the bad effects of noise on people’s life and work? 而正负影响兼有的题目，往往题目中只有“effect”“affect”等词，回答时最好从正面和负面影响两个角度同时入手。例如雅思口语Part1中有这样一题：What are the effects of rain on people’s life? 下雨对人们的影响大部分都是负面的，但是雨对于干旱地区的农民来说，影响恐怕就是正面的了。因此，这种题目从正反两个角度切入会比较全面。
三、影响类常用句型
通过以上分析我们知道，影响类可以进行细分。但是，在回答不同类型的影响问题时，所要用到的句型却是相同的。下面我们就来看一些影响类常用句型：
（1）引入影响
There are many good points about…, such as…
I think the negative side outweighs the positive side.
The effects of … can be divided into two groups.
（2）表述影响
…is beneficial for…
…is harmful to…
…has a great impact on…
The effect of … is that…
…will be affected by…
…is good/bad for…
…helps… to…
…is useful for…to…
（3）列举影响
First of all,…. Next,…. Last but not least,….
At first,…. Additional,…. Lastly,….
To begin with,…. In addition,…. At last,….
掌握以上句型，能够更好地帮助我们回答影响类题目。我们来看一个例子。雅思口语Part1中有这样一题：What are the effects of spare time on people’s life? 因为句中出现“effect”一词，所以它属于显性影响类题目，并且通过进一步分析，这道题属于正面影响类话题。我们完全可以利用影响类句型回答这个问题：There are many good effects of spare time on people’s life. First of all, it is beneficial for people to have a good mood so that they can have a more positive attitude toward life. Next, it helps people to relax themselves and improve people’s working efficiency. Last but not least, we can learn many useful things in spare time.
四、常见影响素材积累
雅思口语Part1中还有这样一题：What are the effects of weekends on people’s life。细心的考生可能已经发现这题和What are the effects of spare time on people’s life非常类似。稍加改动，我们就能将答案进行嫁接。因此我们发现，不少事物的影响其实是相通的。考生在平时有必要积累一些常见影响素材，以便考试时更加从容地回答影响类题目。
（1）正面影响
It gives people a good mood so that they can have a more positive attitude toward life.
It helps people to relax themselves and improve people’s working efficiency.
We can learn many useful things in it.
People can improve their physical and mental health.
It is a good chance for people to make more friends.
It is beneficial for people to release their pressure and get rid of their burden.
（2）负面影响
It makes people feel upset and anxious.
It is harmful to people’s physical and mental health.
It is inconvenient for people.
It reduces people’s working efficiency.
People may become lazy and lose themselves in it.
A lot of disasters will be caused by it.
关于不同事物影响的素材，考生们可以在此基础上不断积累。当然，如果遇到正负影响兼有的题目，则应把正面影响和负面影响的素材加以结合，使回答更加全面而客观。
五、注意
在积累影响类问题素材的同时，我们也应该注意到，并不是所有的影响类题目都能用共同的影响加以套用的。对于以下题目，我们应该想出各自对应的影响：
What are the effects of western culture on Chinese wedding?
Does western culture have any effect on Chinese name?
What are the good effects of holding Olympic Games on a country?
