沪江

现在完成时和过去完成时的区别

NI纸 2016-11-29 21:22
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现在完成时
句型:have/has+过去分词
现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,但与现在有关系,即用一个发生在过去的动作来说明现在的情况。

过去完成时
句型:had+过去分词
过去完成时表示在过去某一段时间或动作以前已经完成的动作。强调过去的过去。

比较
现在完成时侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关;过去完成时则表示动作发生在过去,强调过去的过去。与过去其他动作比较时才会用到。

例句对比:
(1)
I have eaten lots of cakes so far. 到现在为止我吃了很多蛋糕了。
I had eaten lots of cakes till then. 在那之前我已经吃了很多蛋糕了。

(2)
I have already finished reading the novel. 我已经读完了这本小说。
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.到昨晚9点钟,我已经读完了这本小说。

(3)
We have learned over two thousand English words. 我们已经学了二千多个英语单词。
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 到上学期末我们已经学了二千多个英语单词。

(4)
The bus has already left. 车已经开走了。
By the time I went outside, the bus had already left. 我到外面去的时候,车已经开走了。

(5)
It has already stopped raining. 雨已经停了。
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.当我醒来时,雨已经停了。

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