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财政部长谢旭人:发展互利共赢的中美经济合作关系

谢旭人 2010-05-24 11:45
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第二轮中美战略与经济对话将于五月下旬在北京举行。在此框架下的经济对话是一次事关中美经济关系持续健康发展的重要会议。

The U.S.-China strategic and economic dialogue in Beijing this week will have a major bearing on the sustainable and healthy development of our economic relationship.

中美经济关系是当今世界最重要的双边经济关系之一。无论是两国之间的贸易、还是投资,都对两国经济,乃至世界经济产生着越来越大的影响。 中美经济关系是两国利益通过市场机制的体现。中美建交31年来,双边贸易额增长了近120倍。美国对华直接投资已累计超过631亿美元。中国对美直接投资增长较快,对美债券等间接投资规模也不断扩大。如此密切的经济联系说明中美之间优势互补,利益相依。中美经济关系给两国和世界带来了实实在在的收益。

Since the United States and China established diplomatic relations, bilateral trade volume has grown nearly 120-fold. U.S. direct investment in China has topped $63.1 billion, and China's direct investment in America has also grown rapidly, in tandem with indirect investment in Treasury bonds and other American assets. Simply put, the United States imports from China, and China increases investment in the United States. This relationship has supported low inflation and high growth in the United States for many years. At the same time, such economic cooperation has promoted China's reform and opening up; scaled up employment, growth, industrialization and urbanization; and injected vitality into the Chinese economy. Such a close economic relationship indicates that the countries complement and depend on each other.

两国合作,人民受益。质优价廉的“中国制造”产品使美国人民得到了很大实惠,降低了美国家庭消费成本,相当于每个家庭增加了可支配收入;别克汽车、摩托罗拉手机、沃尔玛商场等美国品牌也已经成为中国人民现代生活的组成部分。

The American and Chinese peoples benefit: "Made in China" labels -- which indicate high quality and favorable price -- increase American families' disposable income. Meanwhile, such American brands as Buick, Motorola and Wal-Mart have become part of modern life in China.

两国合作,企业受益。2008年,美国对华货物与服务出口873亿美元,美在华投资企业实现销售收入2189亿美元。2009年,中国出口总值的56%是外商投资企业出口。中国是美国企业获取海外利润的主要来源地之一;中国企业也在与美方合作中学习到了很多先进技术和管理理念。

Entrepreneurs in both countries benefit: In 2008, American exports of goods and services to China were $87.3 billion, and revenue of U.S. companies in China reached $218.9 billion. In 2009, exports from foreign-invested companies accounted for 56 percent of China's export volume.

两国合作,宏观经济受益。美国进口中国产品,中国增加对美投资支持了美国经济多年的低通胀、高增长。中国购买美国国债,降低了美国利率,为美国减少了国债利息支出,使美国深受其益。同时中美经济合作也支持了中国的改革开放进程,促进了就业、增长、工业化、城市化,为中国经济发展增添了活力。

两国合作,世界受益。中美两国经济关系的发展对全球经济产生了积极的影响。尤其是在应对国际金融危机过程中,中美两国携手合作,共克时艰,果断采取宏观经济刺激措施,为两国经济恢复增长和世界经济的复苏作出了贡献。

事实证明,中美经济关系利在两国,惠及全球,人民受益是中美经济关系发展的坚实基础和根本动力。在中美经济关系快速发展的过程中,两国在一些问题上也难免会出现矛盾和分歧,关键是双方要认清中美经济关系互利共赢的本质,从战略高度,以全球化的视野和前瞻性的思维,通过平等协商和对话妥善处理矛盾和分歧,努力维护和拓展共同利益,大力促进中美经济关系健康稳定发展。

Of course, differences on some issues are unavoidable. It is essential that both countries keep in mind the mutually beneficial nature of this relationship and handle problems through dialogue and consultation on an equal footing, keeping strategic perspective. It is important to safeguard and expand common interests as well as to promote sound economic development.

第一,要正确把握经济全球化对中美经济关系的影响。经济全球化过程中的国际分工变化和产业转移是普遍规律。近几十年来,美国的产业结构不断向高端制造业、现代服务业升级,传统制造业逐步向其他国家转移,其中也有不少美国企业转移到中国生产经营。在产业结构调整过程中,美国传统制造业工作岗位有所减少,但高端制造业和服务业创造了更多的就业机会。中美两国应抓住经济全球化的机遇,把握发展趋势,提高各自产业竞争力,加强双方经贸合作。

China and the United States are in different stages of development and will be for a long time. Over recent decades, the American industrial structure has been upgraded toward high-end manufacturing and modern services, while its traditional manufacturing industry has gradually shifted to other countries. China and the United States should seize the opportunities brought by economic globalization.

第二,要充分发挥中美经济结构的互补优势。中美两国发展阶段不同,产业结构的差异将长期存在。差异体现互补性,国际贸易的实质是优势互补,互通有无。中国的出口产品大多是中低档产品,诸如服装鞋袜、玩具电器等日常消费品,大部分在美国已不生产,或少生产,但又是美国消费者所需要的。美国的产业优势在于高端制造业,这类产品在中国有很大的市场需求。如果美国能够放宽对华民用高科技产品的出口限制,美国的出口竞争优势将得到更加充分的发挥,这也将有利于平衡中美贸易。

The essence of international trade is to complement each other's advantages through exchange. China's exports to the United States are mainly medium- and low-end products such as garments, footwear, toys and electronics, little or none of which is produced in America. The U.S. industrial advantage lies in high-end manufacturing products that are greatly needed in the Chinese market. If the United States can loosen its export controls on civilian high-tech products to China, its export competitiveness can be further improved. This would also help it balance trade with China.

第三,要整体看待中美贸易和投资关系中的利益依存。一方面,美国对华直接投资企业的出口相当一部分转化成了中国对美贸易顺差;另一方面,中国的贸易顺差相当一部分又转化为中国对美国国债和其他美元资产的投资,成为支持美国经济长期稳定的资金来源。中美贸易与投资关系交叉互补,整体上体现了两国经济关系的互利性。

The two countries should take a holistic view of the interdependence of their interests. Yes, a large portion of exports from American companies with direct investment in China has turned into China's trade surplus with the United States. But a significant part of China's trade surplus has become its investment in Treasury bonds and other dollar assets, shoring up the long-term stability of the U.S. economy. This economic relationship is one of mutual benefits.

当前中美经济关系的发展有挑战,更有机遇。在新形势下,中美的共同利益基础不是在缩小,而是在扩大。中美在双边和全球层面都出现了新的合作空间。

Today, the common interests of our countries are expanding. Space for new cooperation is open in the bilateral and global spheres in at least three ways.

一是共同关注全球经济的稳定复苏。当前,欧洲主权债务风险加大了世界经济复苏过程中的不稳定因素。中美要与国际社会一起,密切关注全球经济运行情况,维护各自的宏观经济稳定,加强宏观经济政策协调,巩固全球经济复苏的势头。

First, China and the United States must focus on global economic stability and recovery, which is threatened by the European sovereign debt crisis. China and the United States should work with the international community to maintain stability, strengthen coordination on global economic policies and consolidate the recovery's momentum.

二是积极推进发展方式的转变。中国正在调整经济结构,努力扩大内需,走科学发展的道路;美国也在改变高负债、低储蓄的增长方式,提高经济发展的可持续性。在这一过程中,两国应支持彼此的结构调整,拓展双方在清洁能源、节能减排、生态环境等领域的合作;探索两国在基础设施、科技创新、城市化、现代服务业发展等领域的优势互补,发展更加平衡的中美经济关系。

Second, both countries are transforming their economic development patterns. China is expanding domestic demand and pursuing scientific development. The United States is altering its growth model of high debts and low savings to make its economic development more sustainable. The two should support each other's structural adjustment; expand cooperation in areas such as clean energy, energy conservation, emission reduction and environment improvement; and explore potential advantages in mutually developing infrastructure, scientific and technological innovation, urbanization and modern services.

三是推动建立平等、开放、公平、公正的国际经济秩序。两国应与国际社会一起,促进开放的贸易与投资,反对贸易保护主义,继续推动国际金融机构的改革,加强国际金融监管,维护稳定的国际货币环境。

Third, China and the United States are key stakeholders in the establishment of an equitable, open and fair international economic order. They should jointly promote open trade and investment, fight trade protectionism, continue to advance the reform of international financial institutions, strengthen global financial regulations, and safeguard the stable international monetary environment.

在即将举行的第二轮中美战略与经济对话框架下的经济对话中,两国将围绕“确保持续发展、互利共赢的中美经济合作关系”这一主题,讨论“促进强劲的经济复苏和更加持续、平衡的经济增长”、“促进互利共赢的贸易和投资”、“金融市场稳定和改革”、“改革国际金融体系”四项议题。我们期待着通过对话扩大合作,化解分歧,为互利共赢的中美经济关系注入新的活力,为建设面向21世纪积极合作全面的中美关系作出贡献。

In the upcoming dialogue, topics will include promoting a strong recovery and more sustainable, balanced growth; promoting mutually beneficial trade and investment; financial market stability and reform; and reform of international financial architecture. We in China look forward to expanding cooperation, narrowing differences, injecting new vitality into China-U.S. economic relations and making contributions to advance our comprehensive bilateral relationship in the 21st century.

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