沪江

英语单词发音规则

就算已经掌握了音标,可是有的单词依旧会发错音,但英语单词的发音是有规则的,元、辅音字母在不同的音节中的发音也不尽相同,下面详细的介绍各个字母在各个音节中的发音方式以及示例单词,希望同学们可以仔细阅读,认真思考,并且多练,遇到单词多思考,多总结,让自己的发音更加准确、地道。

开闭音节的概念

开音节

1)以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。 例:be,he。
2)以辅音字母(r 除外)+不发音的e结尾的音节。 例:make,like。
* 在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。

闭音节
以一个或几个辅音字母(r 除外)结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节,称为闭音节。例:map,desk,is。
* 在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。

一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读音例词
a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake
  在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese
  在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
  在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no

在闭音节中 [C] clock not box shop sock
u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday
  在闭音节中 [∧] bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super

二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字母 读音例词
a [E]E China another woman breakfast
  [i] orange comrade village cabbage
e [E] hundred student open weekend
  [i] chicken pocket begin children
  i [E]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal
  [ai] exercise satellite
o [E] second tonight somebody welcome
  [Eu] also zero photo
u [E] autumn difficult
  [ju:] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音,也可以读作[i]音。

三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 读音例词
a在[w]音后面 [C] want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high
o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前 [∧] come monkey love mother

四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读音例词
ar
ar在[w]音后面 [α:] car farm dark sharpener
[C:] warm quarter towards
or
or在[w]音后面 [C:] forty morning short
[E:] word worker worse
er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。
例如: carry sorry hurry -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday

五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读音例词
are [εE] care dare hare
ere [iE] here mere
ire [aiE] fire hire wire
ure [juE] pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音,例如:picture pleasure
重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。
例如:parent zero story during inspirng
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
例如:orange very American paragraph

六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读音例词
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play
air [εE] air hair chair pair repair
alal在f m前 [C] small ball talk wall all
[C:l] always also salt almost

[α:] half calm

au/aw [C:] autumn daughter draw

ea [i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great
ear [iE] hear dear near clear year
[εE] bear pear wear swear
[E:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three
eer [iE] pioneer deer beer
ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they
[i:] either key
eu/ew在
j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper
[u:] flew brew jewelry
ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive
oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor [C:] roar board door floor
oi/oy [Ci] noise point boy toilet
oo [u:] broom food tooth school
[u] book look cook foot good
ou/ow [au] flower house count down
[ou] know row throw though
[∧] young country enough
[u:] group you soup
our [C:] course your four
[auE] our hour ours
[E:] journey
ui
在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition
[u:] juice fruit suit

七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 读音例词
ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey
ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow

元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i]。
例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion [Fn] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion
-tion在s后 [tFEn] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle
-sure [VE] pleasure measure
-ture [tFE] picture culture

八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如:
everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[C:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如:
sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天
holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日
break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜

九、辅字组的读音
辅字组 读音例词
b  [b] bike bus bag
    [/] bomb tomb
c    c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music
   [s] face decide cinema
   ch [tF] much chick rich teacher
   [k] school headache chemistry
   [F] machine
   -ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d  [d] doctor bread hand day
  -dge [dV] bridge fridge
  dr- [dr] children driver drink
f  [f] five four breakfast
g  g在e i/y前 [^] bag garden go
   [dV] orange large German
   gh [f] cough enough
   [/] light daughter high
   gu- -gue
   gu在非重读音节中 [^] guess league dialogue
   [^w] language anguish
h  [h] hot head house hand
    [/] hour honest
j    [dV] jeep jar joke join July
k    [k] kind bike skate make week
     kn- [n] knife know knock
l   [l] life milk school tall
m    [m] monkey come autumn
     -mn [m] autumn column solemn
n  n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note
    [N] uncle thank hungry
   -ng [N] morning young wrong
p  [p] paper plane pig ship pen
     ph [f] elephant photo telephone
q  [k] Iraq
    qu- [kw] quality quite
r    [r] red rubber ruler

s  在词首或清辅音前 元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk
   [z] music husband
   sc- [sk] scarlet
   [s] muscle science
   sh [F] she fish shirt wash

t   在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet
   [F] patient nation
   tch [tF] watch
   th在通常情况下
   在冠词 代词 介词 连词中
   在词尾-the -ther中 [θ] thin thirty method
   [T] the these with than
   [T] clothe fathe r weather
   tr- [tr] tree train country truck
v  [v] very voice love leave
w [w] week win wake sweet wait
     [/] Answer two
     wh-
     wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why
    [h] who whose whole
x  在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise
   [gz] example exist exact
   wr- [r] write
y  [j] yes yard yellow young
z  [z] puzzle zero zoo

单词划分规律口诀
辅音原音为一组,
没有元音辅单独。
元音开头元单独,
其他还按正常读。
遇到组合算一个,
最后牢记慢拼读。

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