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该句话,可以简化为:
They do not compensate for...and thus do not tell...
其实就是and 连接的两个并列句
前半句好理解,看后半句
...do not tell 后面跟了一个虚拟语气的宾语从句.
宾语从句由how引导.虚拟语气使用了倒装由had引导,并且省略了if
该虚拟语气的完整用法是If he had grown up under...how able he might have been
这里的虚拟是对过去的情形进行虚拟：从句用had done,主句用have done
比如:If I had known him,I would not have made a mistake.
把这句话改为倒装就是:Had I known him,I would not have made a mistake.或者 I would not have made a mistake had I known him